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Download this illustration and then using a good multimeter start basic troubleshooting.
All
residential window air conditioners have a cooling system made up of
four primary components, a compressor, an evaporator fan, a control or switch, capacitor.When the thermostat is calling for a colder room temperature the compressor is energized. It is
normally very quiet.
The
evaporator is always located on the front of the air conditioner. It
also has silver fins. Be sure it is clean. Use a foaming type cleaner and rinse with plain water. Because the evaporator is absorbing heat, it is very
cold to the touch. The temperature drop causes any humidity in the air
to collect on the evaporator - sometimes called sweat. There is a fan
inside the air conditioner that circulates the air for the evaporator
and condenser coils.
The circulating fan and compressor are running
simultaneously. The fan motor has two fan blades attached to it on
either end. The fan blade on the inside part of the unit continually
draws room air over the evaporator coils, which are cold. The fan blade
on the outside part of the unit continually draws fresh outside air over
the condenser coils, which are warm. Because the evaporator coils are
cold, they cause moisture in the room to collect on them, much like a
cup of ice water on a warm, humid day. When the amount of moisture
increases, it begins to drip down off of the coils into the bottom pan
of the air conditioner.
If the compressor fails to start or the fan you may need to replace the capacitor.
You may need a hard start kit.
Thermostat control
The
thermostat on a window air conditioner works by sensing the air
temperature entering the air conditioner. As the air entering the unit
reaches the set temperature it will cause the compressor to turn off.
The blower may continue to run depending on the selection chosen on the
control panel. Digital thermostats work on a similar principle but
display a more precise temperature.
Test for continuity with the multimeter between the two terminals . Warm you should read continuity (contacts closed). If not change it.
Selector switches
The
air conditioner selector switches allow the user to choose the fan
speed. The compressor always runs at the same speed regardless of the
settings. If low cool is chosen, for example, the fan runs at a slower
speed but the compressor still offers the same cooling capacity. There
are other switches to control louver operation and other features on
some units.
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