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Re: The spring on the tension disks has come loose how...
You probably will have to get a professional for this one as you would have to dismantle quite a bit of the machine and then the timing may go. Which would be impossible for you to fix yourself.
Good luck.
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Remove the thread. RAISE the presser foot and rethread from the beginning so the upper thread will seat properly in the tension disk. Verify that the upper and bobbin threads are threaded properly.
If the problem continues, then it is probably something else, ie the tension adjustment is incorrectly set or malfunctioning, needle/hook timing may be off, etc.
Check bobbin case for loose threads in spring area that could be causing bobbin not to hold enough tension on bobbin thread. You can check bobbin case tension by using your needle plate. Holding bobbin case in your hand, insert a bobbin and thread it through the spring as usual. On the end of the bobbin thread, tie your needle plate to the thread. Hold case in your hand side ways so that thread travels downward with needle plate and thread trails downward across the case. The case should be perpendicular to the table top or floor. The weight of the needle plate should be so that the thread does not travel down unless the bobbin case is shaken slightly. The thread should then travel down slowly but stop once you hold case steady. If this is ok, check top tension. Turn on the machine. Lower the presser foot. With needle threaded, pull the thread the needle. You should feel some resistance. If there is none. Raise the presser foot and brush out any loose threads that might be caught in the upper tension disks. Many times, loose threads can get caught here that will keep disks from closing completely.
Not sure, but am thinking perhaps the tension disk has gunk or threads stuck in it. Try soaking a length of perl cotton in rubbing alcohol, squeeze out the excess. Raise the presser foot and loosen the tension disk as far as possible and gently pull the perl cotton DOWN through the tension disk a few times.
If that doesn't help, then it's possible a spring in the tension mechanism or something in the presser foot lever is malfunctioning.
You don't give us the make and model of your machine.... so it's hard to give you decent specific advice. Secondly your question isn't making sense. If you are getting loops on the bottom your top tension isn't right(too loose) if your loops are on top your top tension isn't right.(too tight) The only time you would mess with bobbin tension is when you change thread weights significantly. Like from 40 weight to 92 weight or visa versa.
Look at your bobbin case, bobbin carrier, shuttle/carrier..... there is a spring (it's a flat piece of metal) on the spring is a small screw. Use a small screw driver and tighten the spring 1/4 turn. Loosen your top tension a couple turns. (remember right to tight, left to loose)
take some unwaxed dental floss & clean between the disk gently
you can even use a can of air on that area also
check to make sure there are no loose thread or lint
it's also a good idea if you use it alot, to clean under the needle plate & in bobbin area for lint or loose threads
if these suggestions above do not stop the problem,, then the tension knob or spring might need to be replaced
Take the top off again. Behind the tension disks (on top) you will see a torx head screw that goes through a knurled nut that has a flat side on it. Loosen that screw and turn that flat sided nut a bit. Then tighten the screw. This works like an eccentric that opens the discs either narrower or wider (depending on your needs) when you lift the presser foot bar. You may have to try this several times until you can see its good.
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