A supercharger is a mechanically driven device which pumps/ forces more air into the engine.
The purpose is to increase the power output by increasing the volume of fuel / air mix in the cylinders which gives you a bigger bang versus normally aspirated, for the size of cylinder.
You might imagine that when drawing in air (with fuel) at high speed, you will actually have slightly less air pressure in a fully extended cylinder when the intake valve shuts off, due to inertia of the air.
If you force air in, you can have greater than ambient pressure in the extended cylinder. Hence more fuel/air to burn in one stroke. Hence bigger bang. Avg power increase may be 20 - 25 percent.
A turbo charger does the same thing BUT uses the eshaust gas pressure to drive the charger. The end result is the same-ish, with varying pros and cons for each system. Generally you get more power boost from supercharger.
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