I'm trying to find out what kind of air conditioner coolant goes in a 1986 chevy cavalier, and how to refill it

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Valve Lash

https://www.google.com/search?q=1986+cavalier+2.0+valve+lash+adjustment

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That Air Conditioner compressor puts a strain on the engine. Kind of normal to experience this

To get the air out of the block just run the engine without the radiator cap on until the thermostat opens then be ready to add water while the engine is running.

Not sure I am with you on this. The cooling system is designed to run between 190 and 210 as a normal range. Above 210 and the radiator fan should start up. Anything over 230 is considered Hot.
Is the radiator fan coming on around 220 degrees ?

Antifreeze is only for the radiator, does not affect the air conditioner, make sure you have the setting on cold, if it is still hot than take it to your local air conditioner re gas station, most auto electricians do it, dealerships usually send them out which you end up paying extra for!!! You just need a re gas in your air conditioner.

Sounds like air in system, repair any leaks flush and add universal antifreeze, and to get air out without special equipment, fill best as possible, start engine drive around block. Let vehicle set until cold. Then check coolant level again, repeat until guage stays normal

Notice: When adding coolant, use DEX-COOL® coolant. If silicated coolant is added to the system, premature engine, heater core or radiator corrosion may result. In addition, the engine coolant will require change sooner-at 50 000 km (30,000 mi) or 24 months.

do you mean freon? it should be R134a, and you can get a do it yourself kit

That hose is the drain hose for the air conditioner evaporator. If it is leaking coolant, there's a good chance that your heater core is leaking, as it is in the same 'box' that the air conditioner evaporator is in. You'll need to replace the heater core.

please try a simple test for me. no.1: remove the radiator cap off the radiator. no.2: if you could see the see the radiator opening from within you car much better, then try to crank your car to an idle. if coolant blows out of the mouth of the radiator like an erupting volacano, then take note of this. no.3: while the engine is running at idle try to look at the coolant through the mouth of the radiator, if you see bubbles like washing your hands with soap and the suds trailing to a drain, then take note of this.

the reason why i'm telling you all of this is that, the coolant should flow like a clear stream. you don't have to worry about purging the system of air because, the water pump is already situated a few inches below the highest water capacity of the radiator. it means that if you drained your system and refiled the radiator to the brim, just start your engine and add a few more coolant to fill it up because the running engine simply purges the waterpump of air.

now, if you tried no.2, and you did see and somewhat like an errupting volcano, that means your engine is in serious trouble, so is no.3. however, a tolerable bubble flow is still possible but your valve clearances should be tuned if this happens. excessive bubbles accompanied by blow out of coolant means your combustion gases are seeping through the head gasket due to a damaged head gasket, warped cyclinder head, cracked cylinder head, or even a cracked cyclinder liner(or bore where the piston glides up and down). think back! did you ever experienced overheating you car to a point where it stalled completely? then, you need a thourough engine checkup.