Just put gas in car; vehicle stopped a few feet from gas pump; it cranks but sound like fuel is not getting to where it needs to go; what might be the issue here?

If your fuel pump is in the gas tank the fuel pump is cooled and lubricated by the gas. If you run out of gas and keep trying to start it many times you can damage the fuel pump. If you have a older car you can try putting a little gas in the carburetor and see if it cranks, if it cranks with gas in carburetor you know it is a lack of fuel problem. You might try spraying starting fluid in air filter but to much can damage your engine. Some links below may provide some help.
https://www.yourmechanic.com/question/car-won-t-start-after-it-ran-out-of-gas-and-was-filled-again
https://www.bimmerforums.com/forum/showthread.php?1881026-Ran-out-of-fuel-now-won-t-start-please-help!
Your vehicle fuel pump can run and pump gas but depending on your vehicle you may not have enough fuel pressure to run. I would check your fuel pump fuse and relay and fuel inertia switch/fuel pump kill switch if you have one. I do not know why running out of gas would cause them to fail but it is something to check.

If your sure that it's not getting fuel to the filter, the fuel pump may have quit. Listen when you first turn the key to the on position for a sound out of the fuel pump.It should last only a few seconds and sound like a low pitched whir. If you can hear the sound then the fuel pump is attempting to pump fuel. If that is the case and you are handy, then remove the hose leading into the filter and hold it over a gas-safe container while someone cranks the engine. Eventually you should see fuel being pumped into the container. This will prove t he fuel pump will move fuel, that you have sufficient gas in the tank, and will vacate the air that was pumped into the lines when you ran out of gas. If all of that checks out, you should be able to reattach the hose and crank the engine to get full the rest of the way to the injectors.

check fuel pump fuses ,relay.wires and connections if good possible fuel filter didnt give vehicle information so if filter is in tank incorporated with fuel pump need to change both or an external one

Sounds like fuel pump is out and know there's not a reset best I can remember

Is the vehicle fitted with a manual or electric fuel pump?

If electronic, then listen for pump noise with the ignition turned on but with engine stopped. Try turning key off then on a few times to prime the pump. If no pump sound detected, then check voltage to pump. If voltage present, but no pump engagement, replace pump.

Running out of gas on a fuel injected vehicle, is very bad. Mostly, due to the fuel lines get pumped up with compressed fuel vapor. The pump can quit from running dry, & need replaced. See if youcan find the shrader valve on the fuel line, easily found on most GM's, usually none on Fords. I sometimes crack the rear fuel line (steel) on end of fuel rail. Crank a few times with the ECM fuse out so it cannot accidentally fire, if fuel comes out. Another alternative, until the fuel pump get fuel to the fuel rail.....is spray a few short shots of "starting fluid" on the air filter. (about a 4 second count). SpraY; 1 ONE THOUSAND, 2 ONE THOUSAND,3 ONE THOUSAND, 4. No more than that, then put the filter back in, close the box quickly,without snapping in & crank. DOes it run then, if it sputters & spurts, proably needs a fuel pump. On fuel injected vehicles, they are usually in the tank.

probably needs to be primed. Sometimes it takes a few minutes for fuel pump to get fuel up to injectors. That or fuel filter is clogged, when you run the tank almost dry any sediment and dirt gets sucked into fuel pump.

Hi!!It sounds like your fuel pump is not working. Check fuel pump relay on engine compartment fuse box have somebody to turn the ignition key to the RUN position, DO NOT CRANK ENGINE (feel if the relay clicks when the key is turned, it will only be energized for a couple of seconds and then you should feel when it gets de-energized. if relay is OK, remove the fuel tank gas cap and repeat the same key operation, listen to the fuel pump coming in, again this will be running only for a couple of seconds, try a few times until you are sure one way or the other. If fuel pump works, then replace fuel filter and try to start vehicle. If vehicle does not start. You need to check fuel pump pressure. borrow a tester form Autozone or similar auto parts store. The fuel pressure should be between 30-40 psi with key ON engine OFF. If pressure is off either way, replace fuel pump. Here is how to hook up the fuel pressure tester
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A vehicle needs gas and spark to run. The vehicle is not getting one or the other. There is a fuel pressure testing port on the fuel rail that you can put a rag over it and press in to see if there is pressure. Also you can put key in ON position and you should hear the fuel pump hum for a few seconds. If you don't hear it, check fuse and relay with an ohmmeter to make sure they are good. You can also put a voltmeter on the wiring to fuel pump to make sure it is getting power.

The crank sensor can also be faulty which is quite common. You can test it with an ohmmeter in the ohm setting.
The crank sensor provides power to ignition module and coil packs, then to plugs & wires.

What you need to do is drop the fuel tank and put a new fuel pump in it. I would drain the gas and put new gas in after you get the pump changed.