My 310gb transend hard disk all foders became shortcut lnk files size shows 2kb,please guide me to recover data?

Hi there,your external hard disk may be infected by virus.Firstly,remove the virus with anti-virus software in your computer.Then you can recover your files from hard disk with third party data recovery software.I have succeed to recover files from hard disk with Tenorshare data recovery.It can recover data after deeply scanning your hard disk to look for lost data.
By the way,you can download a trial version and scan your hard disk for free to preview whether your files can be recovered. http://www.any-data-recovery.com/index.htm

You can try some data recovery software. You can see
http://www.asoftech.com/adr/
It tells the steps how to perform data recovery.

If above does not work, you may have to format the hard disk (use quick format), and then use above mentioned software to scan again the hard disk and recover your files.

It sounds like your hard disk is virus-infected. Nowadays, some virus also would hide the disk files and create some strange shortcuts.
So, for the safety of your inner saved files, you'd better run your antivirus tool and scan the possible virus out. Take care not to delete some needed files.
But, if the antivirus tool doesn't make a sense, your hard disk may get some problems. You'd better use a data recovery freeware to scan your disk and retrieve your needed data back:
http://www.freeware-fix.blogspot.com/2013/03/hard-disk-drive-raw.html

In the future, I hope you could learn to do regular antivirus scan and make data backups all the time.