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There is a sensor that shuts off the gas to the burner if a flame isn't detected within a few seconds. It will usually look like a tube that extends into flame of the burner. It may be defective or it may just need to be repositioned so more of it is directly in the flame.
Your pilot flame should be blue with a small yellow tip, and it should cover the thermocouple (a small rod in front of the pilot light). If the flame is too small and doesn't cover the thermocouple, it may be adjusted too low, or you have low gas pressure or you have a leak in your gas line coming in to the heater. If the flame looks like a lazy yellow flame, you are probably not getting enough air to the flame. Check that your air openings around the pilot are not clogged up. If the flame looks like a waving blue flame then you probably have excessive draft at the pilot. If the pilot flame looks good and covers the thermocouple, then the thermocouple might be bad. Best of luck. I hope I have helped.
More than likely the thermal couple is defective. The thermal couple is a safety device that shuts the gas off if the pilot goes out. If it is defective the pilot light will not stay lit. The thermal couple is the device that the small copper line goes to. It is mounted beside the pilot flame and the flame much touch the TC for it to work. If the flame is not touching the TC bend it until it is in the flame. If it is touching the TC then replace it.
crappy pilot flame (not properly heating the thermocouple), bad thermocouple, thermocouple loose where it screws into the pilot safety valve, bad safety valve magnet.
One or more of those is the problem.
Oh...there is also a saftey switch...in case it tips over. It will also cause the pilot to not stay lit (if the switch or wires that go to i are faulty)
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