How can I stop the drain line in the back of the freezer (bottom of the condenser) from freezing up and causing water to fill up the bottom and freeze?

IS THE EVAPORATER FAN RUNNING

Remove contents from bottom of freezer. Turn ref/freezer off. Use the handle end of a screwdriver and carefully break up the ice build up from the bottom of the freezer. Find the condensate drain and remove ice build up. Find the condensate drain and remove ice or any kind of restriction from the drain line.
Or you can turn the refrigerator off for a day , mop up the water and blow out the condensate drain

Brand name of unit? Top freezer, side by side, or bottom? Icemaker or no icemaker? You may have a frozen drain line from the freezer to the drain pan. You could have an uneven unit causing water to go towards the front instead of the back. There could be a hole in the drain pan. The icemaker fill tube could be frozen/freezing or icemaker is failing causing splashing/overflowing.

check your condensation defrost run off line for blockage. may have to remove the back interior panel of the freezer to access the water catch pan. debris blocking the drain or the defrost line will cause overflow into fridge interior

The drain in the freezer behind back lower panel
needs opening. You can see it at the bottom of the back panel
underneath the evaporator coils. (The cold coils)
Run Hot water in the drain until it clears or use a hairdryer.
When the defrost melts the water it goes down the drain
If the drain is clogged with Ice or ? The defrost water
overflows into the ref. or freezer or on floor
Run Hot water in the drain until it clears or use a hairdryer.
Also check fan undernearh Ref in the rear
Clean condenser coils underneath
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your defrost drain on the freezer side is stopped up causing the drain to freeze over then eventually running out on the floor during the defrost cycle. Locate the drain at the back of the freezer and thaw it out using hot water. Using a screw driver or other object gently push down into the defrost hole and dislodge whatever is stuck there.

An air hose with good air pressure may also work well. When the drain line is clear you should be able to pour water through it freely.

That's exactly what it it. Your evaporator coils frost up in normal use and every eight hours or so the entire unit shuts down and the defrost heater comes on to melt the frost. This cycle last about 20 minutes. The melted frost drips into a drain pan and through a drain tube to the drain tray under the freezer/refrigerator where it's evaporated by the condenser fan.

Your drain tube may be stopped up with ice at the upper end because it drains too slow because it's stopped up at the lower end in the evaporator pan under the unit at the floor. It can get dust and mold in it. Once you get the ice out at the top a little pressure with a turkey baster will usually clear it out. Flushing it out with hot water and clorox may help.
Make sure it drains quick enough to prevent refreezing. . The drain should be located below the evaporator coils on the lower back of the freezer.

The condensate drain may not be draining into the pan under the fridge or it may have a leak or could even be not connected to the condensate pan in the evaporator.
Another possibility is that your condenser might be dirty or plugged causing the suction line going to the compressor to freeze up and then thaw leaving puddles under the fridge. Clean the condenser (the coil under or behind the fridge) and it should stop.
Over stocking the freezer will cause this as well. If you cover the air return in the freezer the evaporator will freeze up and the suction line will freeze back to the compressor.

Sounds like the drain from the freezer evaporator coil is plugged causing the condensate to overflow and fill the bottom of the freezer then refreeze. Most freezers have a drain line from the evaporator to the bottom of the refrigerator leading to a collection pan to allow evaporation of the condensate. You may be able to access the evap condensate pan by removing the rear panel of the freezer. I can not say for sure without the specific model of the unit in question.

Causes:

High humidity in the immediate area causing condensation to freeze at the door opening

A frozen defrost drain line not allowing water to drain off when the unit is in defrost

A bad door gasket causing an air leak

Some freezers have a heated perimeter to reduce condensation. If the stop working, moisture can accumulate arounf the door perimeter and freeze.

Leaving the door open too long or something obstructing the door