The most important question here is this: Does the sound work internally? I mean, does sound work on the laptop speakers, when no AV connection is made? If the answer is YES, then the rest of this applies to your situation,. otherwise, answer NO, and describe in detail what you mean by "AV leads", and I will reply again.
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If there is sound to laptop speakers, we have established that the sound card is working, the driver is therefore sufficient, and the OS is recognizing/interfacing with the hardware and driver properly.
Therefore, your problem can ONLY exist between the audio jack and the final external device's speakers.
Just to make sure you have the audio set at a high level, raise sound volume on the menu bar and also access your sound card's equalizer, and make sure all the settings there are active (Realtek also has a separate system setting for internal laptop speakers versus external stereo or 5.1 device) test AV device now.
If still not working, start your investigation at the sound jack on the laptop. Get a good flashlight and a magnifying glass, and look inside for any bent, broken, or missing connectors or corrosion/oxidation. Next, to further eliminate the latter, examine and clean the tip of your external device plug and push it in and out about 20 times, rotating it a few degrees each time (this cleans off any hard residue or oxides inside). Test for sound now.
Next, test the AV device. Plug in some earphones or another known-good audio device. If they work fine, your AV device (or its cable/plug) is defective.
Last, if you are referring to a multi-pin S-Video plug as your "AV lead", which is quite vague terminology, rather than a 3-connector audio out or bayonnet, then be aware the S-Video output of many laptops is not always integrated. Meaning it sometimes carries ONLY video signal, not audio. Low end laptops only have video output directed to the S-Video jack, and expect you to attach a separate audio device to the laptop sound out (or use a splitter/adapter that converts the audio output to TWO of the standard RCA type plugs). This latter paragraph is intended to settle the ambiguity left by the term "AV leads" you refer to in initial message.
Hmmm..did you check in control panel for sound settings to ensure it's pointing at the right device?
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