1) Call manufacturer with model number and serial number appearing on label on side of water heater.
http://waterheatertimer.org/Water-heater-manufacturers.html2) Copy following link to troubleshoot by type of gas control valve:
http://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-troubleshoot-gas-water-heater.html#intelliventhttp://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-replace-thermocouple.html3) Product manuals today recommend yearly service, and yearly cleaning of combustion parts, and to keep air intake clean.
If air intake becomes clogged, or combustion parts get dirty, it can slow the exit of combustion gasses, and this will soot the burner, and clog burner ports, which means slow lazy yellow flame and incomplete burning of released gas. So unburned gas is present in combustion chamber and up the flueway. The ignition of unburned gas can cause explosion of various intensity ... and the 'boom' sound you heard.
The explosion certainly overheated combustion chamber and tripped FVIR system.
4) Since each manufacturer has different FV system (flammable vapor ignition retardation system), and each manufacturer has continued to make changes over time in FV systems, the solution for tripped FV will vary by brand and age and model of water heater.
For example the intellivent gas control can be reset in some models, while other models require replacement of parts ranging from gas control valve to FV sensor to glass vial, and include possibly full replacement of water heater.
If you need further help, I’m available over the phone at
https://www.6ya.com/expert/gene_9f0ef4df2f9897e7
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