If i replace my yamaha crossover capacitor, what will be the consequences
The capacitor determines the cutoff frequency of the filter used to either block or pass frequencies above or below the intended design point. Generally, electrolytic capacitors are used for this, due to their capacity for a given size. electrolytic capacitors are manufactured with two foil plates separated by a gauze soaked in electrolyte compound. This electrolyte compound forms a one molecule thick insulation layer. If this electrolyte dries up, the cap will tend to fail, either short or open, usually short. Because the insulation so thn, it is very much affected by the applied voltage (usually DC). Most electrolytic capacitors are used to block DC. these capacitors are usually pretty sensitive to the applied voltage. Most electrolytic capacitors have a WVDC rating, which stands for Woirking Voltage Direct Current. The higher the WVDC rating, the largewr the capacitor for a given capacitance. Also, these capacitors have a very wide tolerance because of this. Typically, this tolerance is +10%/-80%. This rating would indicate that at close to the WVDC rating, the capacitor will be within 10% of its rating. If the capacitor is used in a circuit where the WVDC rating is much higher than the circuit voltage, their will not be enough bias voltage to form the one molecule thick dielectric (insulation) needed for the rated capacitance. So, if the capacitor is rated for 100WVDC and is used in a circuit that only has 40 volts, the effective capacitance will be much lower, and therefor, the crossover frequency would be affected. If the crossover filter is a high pass, then you would risk damage by allowing too much low frequency content to get to the mid/high frequency driver(s). For a low pass configuration, too much high frequency material would get to the woofer, which might affect imaging, but should not damage the driver. Also, electrolytic capacitors come in many varieties. Almost all of them are polarized, meaning that the terminals are marked plus and minus. Capacitors for crossovers are not typically polarized. Here is a link to some non polarized electrolytic caps:
http://www.parts-express.com/term/crossover-caps?c=293,1385
Most audio enthusiasts prefer the sound of polypropylene, polycarbonate or polystyrene capacitors over aluminum electrolytic caps, which also have the advantage of not drying out over time, so they last longer. Also, aluminum electrolytics tend to fail if they do not have a bias voltage applied for a long time. Here is a link to some film cpas for crossovers:
http://www.parts-express.com/term/crossover-caps?c=294,1382
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