Do domestic flights fly over foreign airspace?

Really depends who you think your audience is. Lay people may just want to know how a plane flys or why certain things happen on commercial flights. Pilots may want to learn about skills/ratings they havent acquired yet, recent incidents.

The type rating is required in aircraft that need additional training. It is a safety of flight issue not a for hire issue.

Modern Jet airliners already have electronic screens that depict the ground, the sky, maps, terrain and many more things, They are known as "Glass Cockpit" aircraft. These aircraft can land in Zero visibility fully automatically without the pilots having to see out of the window at all, just viewing the screens. The problems are in training of the flight crews. Full automated approaches and landings are far more exacting on the flight crew than a normal visual landing and crews have to be specially trained and certified to do them. The thought that on an automatic landing the pilots just sit there and do nothing is far from reality. The procedure is one of intense concentration and if the aircraft so much a twitches the pilots will abandon the approach, they have to watch everything. Training flight crews is a very expensive business and an international operator would have to have about nine crews for just one aircraft. Training those crews to operate with just view screens would blow the training budget out the bank. No matter how cleaver these modern jets are the fastest computer on board is still the one between the pilots ears and using all his senses and especially sight through a window will be with us for some time.

If you're going for a Private Pilot Single Engine Land (PPSEL) certificate you don't need to know anything about IFR approaches. You will learn to fly traffic patterns and all the maneuvers and procedures required for that and for safe flight, learn how to navigate, and learn about airplane systems. You can get a huge head start by looking at websites and you tube links from places like Boldmethod.com, MzeroA.com, and UND aviation.

No. I also don't get bothered if a bus driver is female.

Not likely. Flight schools get paid for teaching people how to fly. If they paid you for learning how to fly, they would go out of business. If you worked for them you could gain flight hours teaching others to fly, but you need hundreds of hours before you can become a flight instructor.

The license or "certificate" does not expire, however you must have a flight review every 24 calendar months with an instructor in order to continue to fly. The flight review consists of at least 1 hour of ground school and 1 hour of dual flight with the instructor to ensure you haven't developed any bad habits.

no but the flight engineer moniters fuel and electrical use hydraulic levels and apu operation

You can use a program like flightaware.com to see flights that are on an instrument flight plan. That won't get you any info on most flights though.

Students and certificated pilots both are required to remain current and to have a check ride (flight review with an instructor) every 24 calendar months. The ones you're seeing are probably going out to the practice area to practice their flight maneuvers. If a pilot doesn't practice regularly his or her skills can deteriorate rapidly.