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Called the Woodruff, or Half Moon Key. All parts are obsolete. Go to a good tool shop and see if they have an assorted box of them.
Woodruff key (Part #56)
Part #STD580025
The manufacturer no longer makes this part, and there's no substitute part
There are Craftsman Woodruff keys available online. They come in two types. The key is there to locate the pulley and shear if strain exceeds specs, but the pulley is actually held onto the spindle by the Morse Taper and the nut on the end. I had a motorcycle that sheared two. I lapped the shaft and stator with valve grinding paste, and banged it on with a mallet before tightened to the stipulated torque.
Remove the bearing, retaining ring and wave washer on top of the spindle. Now you need a press to push the spindle out of the gear and bearing case. There is a very small woodruff key in the spindle, be careful not to lose that. Do not try to drive (hammer) the spindle out, if you mushroom the end even the smallest amount, you'll have to replace the spindle because you'll never get the bearing back on.
The unit is retained by two or three screws surrounding a retaining ring on the saw blade side, and I believe there are some screws holding the gear housing on the motor side that need to be removed as well. I just replaced the bearing on mine a week ago, and even though the situation is obvious once you figure it out I was not smart enough to do so, and wasted an hour trying to figure out how to remove that retaining ring over the bearing. Good luck
After taking the bearig box off the head, remove the retaining ring and wave washer on top of the gear. Some spindles can be tapped out of the gear with a hammer but be extremely careful not to mushroom the spindle head. It's best to take it off with a hydraulic press. There is a woodruff key in there so be careful not to loose that when you press the spindle out of the gear. The new gear should be pressed back on also.
The spindle is pressed into the bearing in the nose of the gear case. You usually need a hydraulic press to get them out. If the spindle gear, woodruff key and spacer come out easily (it may need a little prying pressure) you may be able to tap the spindle out with a dead blow/rubber hammer or with a piece of wood on the end of the spindle. If you hit the spindle directly with a metal hammer you can mushroom the end and it won't fit in the needle bearing in the service diaphram.
The wood-ruff key is used to keep the crankshaft timing gear in place and on time with the crankshaft, and it does not matter if the engine has a timing belt or a chain because they both use a wood-ruff key to hold the crankshaft timing gear/cog in place on the crankshaft, and if the key is missing or it has been sheered off, then the timing gear will be able to turn on the crankshaft and the engine will loose the timing between the camshaft and the crankshaft. The wood-ruff key is located in a groove on the crankshaft, and the timing gear/cog has a notch cut into it so that it will slide onto the crankshaft and over the wood-ruff key locking the timing chain gear/cog into that position on the crankshaft.
find a schematic for your tool and it will show you how things go together. you may need a press to press it out or a gear puller. if the schematic shows spendal and gear apart you should be able to remove the gear. if it shows all one piece, then you replace the whole thing.
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