My hard disk couldn't read or boot after I started and aborted a defragmentation process mid way. I tried to access my user files / documents on the hard disk, it gave an option to format. What can be the problem.

<p><b>Information:</b><br /> <p>There are some few guidelines that you can follow to maintain your computer and keep it running smoothly. <br /> <p><b>Free Up Disk Space</b><br /> <p>By freeing disk space, you can improve the performance of your computer. The Disk Cleanup tool helps you free up space on your hard disk. The utility identifies files that you can safely delete, and then enables you to choose whether you want to delete some or all of the identified files.<br /> <p><b>Use Disk Cleanup to:</b><br /> <p>&bull; Remove temporary Internet files.<br />&bull; Remove downloaded program files (such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets).<br />&bull; Empty the Recycle Bin.<br />&bull; Remove Windows temporary files.<br />&bull; Remove optional Windows components that you don't use.<br />&bull; Remove installed programs that you no longer use.<br /> <p> <br /> <p> <br /> <p><b>Tip:</b> Typically, temporary Internet files take the most amount of space because the browser caches each page you visit for faster access later.<br /> <p> <br /> <p><b>To use Disk Cleanup</b><br /> <p>1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.<br /> <p> <br /> <p> <br /> <p>Disk Cleanup calculates the amount of space you will be able to free.<br /> <p>2. In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.<br /> <p> <br /> <p> <br /> <p>Choose the files that you want to delete.<br /> <p>3. Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.<br /> <p>4. When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes. <br /> <p>After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner and performing better.<br /> <p> <br /> <p> <br /> <p><b>Speed Up Access to Data</b><br /> <p>Disk fragmentation slows the overall performance of your system. When files are fragmented, the computer must search the hard disk when the file is opened to piece it back together. The response time can be significantly longer.<br /> <p>Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard disk so that each occupies a single space on the disk. With your files stored neatly end-to-end, without fragmentation, reading and writing to the disk speeds up.<br /> <p><b>Run Disk Defragmenter</b><br /> <p>In addition to running Disk Defragmenter at regular intervals, optimally monthly, certain events warrant running the utility outside of the monthly rule of thumb.<br /> <p>You should run Disk Defragmenter under the following circumstances:<br /> <p>&bull; You add a large number of files. <br />&bull; Your free disk space nears 15 percent. <br />&bull; You install new programs or a new version of Windows.<br /><br /> <p> <br /> <p><b>To use Disk Defragmenter:</b><br /> <p>1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.<br /> <p> <br /> <p>Click Analyze to start the Disk Defragmenter.<br /> <p>2. In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment, and then click the Analyze button.<br /> <p>After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.<br /> <p><b>Tip:</b> You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.<br /> <p>3. To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment button.<br /> <p>After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.<br /> <p>4. To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.<br /> <p>5. To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.<br /> <p>6. To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, click the Close button on the title bar of the window.<br /> <p><b>Detect and Repair Disk Errors</b><br /> <p>In addition to running Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter to optimize the performance of your computer, you can check the integrity of the files stored on your hard disk by running the Error Checking utility.<br /> <p>As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult, or even impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors, and scans for file system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced.<br /> <p>If you use your computer daily, you should try to run this utility weekly to help prevent data loss.<br /> <p><b>To run the Error Checking utility:</b><br /> <p><b>Important:</b> Be sure to close all files before running the Error-Checking utility.<br /> <p>1. Click Start, and then click My Computer.<br />2. In the My Computer window, right-click the hard disk you want to search for bad sectors, and then click Properties.<br />3. In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab.<br />4. Click the Check Now button.<br />5. In the Check Disk dialog box, select the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors check box, and then click Start.<br /> <p> <br /> <p>In most circumstances, select Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors.<br /> <p>6. If bad sectors are found, choose to fix them.<br /> <p><b>Tip:</b> Only select the Automatically fix file system errors check box if you think that your disk contains bad sectors.<br /> <p> <br /> <p>Hope this will help...<br />

The Windows installation disc contains the files necessary to start Windows, so it is itself a boot disk. A boot disk is actually not a computer disk in the shape of a boot. If it was, most disk drives would have a difficult time reading it. Instead, a boot disk is a disk that a computer can start up or "boot" from. If a problem is preventing Windows from starting, you can use the installation CD to start Windows. The installation CD also contains Startup Repair, which you can use to repair Windows if a problem prevents it from starting correctly. Startup Repair can automatically fix many of the problems that in the past required a boot disk to fix.

A boot disk (sometimes called a startup disk) is a type of removable media, such as a floppy disk or a CD, that contains startup files that your computer can use to start Windows. CD and DVD boot disks are often used to start up a computer when the operating system on the internal hard drive won't load.The startup files are also stored on your computer's hard disk, but if those startup files become damaged, you can use the files on a boot disk to start Windows

Earlier operating systems that used the FAT or FAT32 file systems, such as Windows 95 and Windows 98, a boot disk was especially useful because it allowed a person to access files on a hard disk even if Windows was unable to start. This ability also represented a security risk, because anyone with a boot disk and access to the computer could start the computer and access any file. Hard disks formatted with NTFS have built-in security features that prevent using a boot disk to access files..

Let looks at some useful "boot CD downloads" to create one for Windows OS,s.
1-Ultimate Boot CD for Windows - This BartPE-based boot disc comes with a huge selection of tools to access your data and get your PC booting properly again. Some of them are even useful.UBCD takes a long time to load and asks you some odd questions before it's finally up. But once it's there, you can edit the Windows Registry (yes, the one on the hard drive) in RegEdit, recover deleted files, and even run benchmarks. setting up UBCD is identical to creating a BartPE disc--with the same possibility of failure. But when it works, you get a lot more.Price: Free
Download Ultimate Boot CD for Windows.


2-Puppy Linux - A third party application to create a boot CD using Linux and great for accessing NTFS-formatted hard drives--especially if you're not comfortable with Linux's whole mount concept. Just open the Drives window and select a drive, and Puppy will mount it for you--in read/write mode, if possible.Puppy will mounting the drive with read/write permissions and you not only can copy your files elsewhere, but you can also edit them. Puppy Linux comes with AbiWord, which supports .doc files, and Gnumeric, which supports .xls. And even if it mounts read-only, you can still copy the files to an external drive, most of which are formatted in the universally accessible FAT32 file system.
But be careful how you click. Actions that take double-clicks in Windows, such as opening a file, take only one in Puppy.
Price: Free
Download Puppy Linux.

3-BartPE - The BartPE operating system makes a pretty good boot disc on its own, getting you into Windows and letting you access your drive. It doesn't have much in the way of repair utilities, but it has chkdsk, which should probably be the first one you try.To create a CD, the program needs the Windows 2000 or XP installation files. One place you're sure to find them is an actual Windows installation CD-ROM. But the recovery disc that came with your PC probably doesn't have them.
Luckily, if your PC came with XP installed (and thus, not with a true XP CD), the necessary files are probably in a folder called C:\Windows\i386. But I do mean probably, not definitely. However, since the PE Builder is free, you're not losing much if it can't create a disc.
Price: Free
Download BartPE.

4-Vista Recovery Disc - a unique distribution of Microsoft's own recovery tools.This Recovery Disc is basically a Vista installation disc minus the install files. It even has an "Install now" button that asks for a Product Key before failing. You're better off clicking the Repair your computer button. Among its Vista-only options are a tool for diagnosing and fixing startup problems, a version of System Restore that uses restore points on the hard drive, the restore portions of Vista's backup program, and a memory diagnostic tool. Price: Free
Download Vista Recovery Disc.

5-Trinity Rescue Kit - TRK's command line interface could humble anyone but the most devoted Linux geek.
If you take the time to read the 46-page documentation and learn the program, you'll be rewarded next time disaster strikes. Among the tools that will be at your disposal are a script that runs 4 different malware scanners, a tool for resetting passwords, a Registry editor, a program that clones an NTFS partition to another PC over a network, a mass undeleter that tries to recover every deleted file on the drive, several tools for recovering data off a formatted or dying disk, two tools for fixing master boot record repair programs, and hardware diagnostics.
Price: Free
Download Trinity Rescue Kit.



Hope that you understand the benefits of having a boot disk on your wardrobe.

Information: There are some few guidelines that you can follow to maintain your computer and keep it running smoothly.

Free Up Disk Space
By freeing disk space, you can improve the performance of your computer. The Disk Cleanup tool helps you free up space on your hard disk. The utility identifies files that you can safely delete, and then enables you to choose whether you want to delete some or all of the identified files.
Use Disk Cleanup to:

• Remove temporary Internet files.
• Remove downloaded program files (such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets).
• Empty the Recycle Bin.
• Remove Windows temporary files.
• Remove optional Windows components that you don't use.
• Remove installed programs that you no longer use.
Tip: Typically, temporary Internet files take the most amount of space because the browser caches each page you visit for faster access later.
To use Disk Cleanup

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
Disk Cleanup calculates the amount of space you will be able to free.
2. In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.
Choose the files that you want to delete.
3. Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.
4. When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes.
After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner and performing better.
Speed Up Access to Data
Disk fragmentation slows the overall performance of your system. When files are fragmented, the computer must search the hard disk when the file is opened to piece it back together. The response time can be significantly longer.
Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard disk so that each occupies a single space on the disk. With your files stored neatly end-to-end, without fragmentation, reading and writing to the disk speeds up.
Run Disk Defragmenter
In addition to running Disk Defragmenter at regular intervals, optimally monthly, certain events warrant running the utility outside of the monthly rule of thumb.
You should run Disk Defragmenter under the following circumstances:
• You add a large number of files.
• Your free disk space nears 15 percent.
• You install new programs or a new version of Windows.

To use Disk Defragmenter:
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.
Click Analyze to start the Disk Defragmenter.
2. In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment, and then click the Analyze button.
After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.
Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
3. To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment button.
After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
4. To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
5. To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
6. To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, click the Close button on the title bar of the window.
Detect and Repair Disk Errors
In addition to running Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter to optimize the performance of your computer, you can check the integrity of the files stored on your hard disk by running the Error Checking utility.
As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult, or even impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors, and scans for file system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced.
If you use your computer daily, you should try to run this utility weekly to help prevent data loss.
To run the Error Checking utility:
Important: Be sure to close all files before running the Error-Checking utility.
1. Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2. In the My Computer window, right-click the hard disk you want to search for bad sectors, and then click Properties.
3. In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab.
4. Click the Check Now button.
5. In the Check Disk dialog box, select the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors check box, and then click Start.
In most circumstances, select Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors.
6. If bad sectors are found, choose to fix them.
Tip: Only select the Automatically fix file system errors check box if you think that your disk contains bad sectors.

110 Restart marker reply. In this case, the text is exact and not left to the particular implementation; it must read: MARK yyyy - mmmm where yyyy is User-process data stream marker, and mmmm server's equivalent marker (note the spaces between markers and "=").

120 Service ready in nnn minutes.

125 Data connection already open; transfer starting.

150 File status okay; bout to open data connection.

200 Command okay.

202 Command not implemented, superfluous at this site.

211 System status, or system help reply.

212 File status.

213 File status.

214 Help message. On how to use the server or the meaning of a particular non-standard command. This reply is useful only to the human user.

215 NAME system type. where NAME is an official system name from the list in the Assigned Numbers document.

220 Service ready for new user.

221 Service closing control connection.

225 Data connection open; no transfer in progress.

226 Closing data connection. Requested file action successful (for example, file transfer or file abort).

227 Entering Passive Mode (h1, h2, h3, h4, p1, p2).

230 User logged in, proceed. Logged out is appropriate.

250 Requested file action okay, completed.

257 "PATHNAME" created.

331 User name okay, need password.

332 Need account for login.

350 Requested file action pending further information.

421 Service not available, closing control connection. This may be a replay to any commend if the service knows it must shut down.

425 Can't open data connection.

426 Connection closed; transfer aborted.

450 Requested file action not taken.

451 Requested action aborted. Local error in processing.

452 Requested action not taken. Insufficient storage space in system. File unavailable (e.g., file busy).

500 Syntax error, command unrecognized. This may include errors such as command line too long.

501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments.

502 Command not implemented.

503 Bad sequence of commands.

504 Command not implemented for that parameter.

530 Not logged in.

532 Need account for storing files.

550 Requested action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file not found, no access).

551 Requested action aborted. Page type unknown.

552 Requested file action aborted. Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset).

553 Requested action not taken. File name not allowed.

Good luck!

~~~~~~~~~COMMON FTP ERROR CODES~~~~~~~~~~
# Description

110 Restart marker reply. In this case, the text is exact and not left to the particular implementation; it must read: MARK yyyy = mmmm where yyyy is User-process data stream marker, and mmmm server's equivalent marker (note the spaces between markers and "=").

120 Service ready in nnn minutes.

125 Data connection already open; transfer starting.

150 File status okay; about to open data connection.

200 Command okay.

202 Command not implemented, superfluous at this site.

211 System status, or system help reply.

212 Directory status.

213 File status.

214 Help message.On how to use the server or the meaning of a particular non-standard command. This reply is useful only to the human user.

215 NAME system type. Where NAME is an official system name from the list in the Assigned Numbers document.

220 Service ready for new user.

221 Service closing control connection.

225 Data connection open; no transfer in progress.

226 Closing data connection. Requested file action successful (for example, file transfer or file abort).

227 Entering Passive Mode (h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2).

230 User logged in, proceed. Logged out if appropriate.

250 Requested file action okay, completed.

257 "PATHNAME" created.

331 User name okay, need password.

332 Need account for login.

350 Requested file action pending further information

421 Service not available, closing control connection.This may be a reply to any command if the service knows it must shut down.

425 Can't open data connection.

426 Connection closed; transfer aborted.

450 Requested file action not taken.

451 Requested action aborted. Local error in processing.

452 Requested action not taken. Insufficient storage space in system.File unavailable (e.g., file busy).

500 Syntax error, command unrecognized. This may include errors such as command line too long.

501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments.

502 Command not implemented.

503 Bad sequence of commands.

504 Command not implemented for that parameter.

530 Not logged in.

532 Need account for storing files.

550 Requested action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file not found, no access).

551 Requested action aborted. Page type unknown.

552 Requested file action aborted. Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset).

553 Requested action not taken. File name not allowed.