1992 Volvo 960 Broken timing belt - need to locate alignment marks for crankshaft and camshaft and associated reference marks for TDC or other position. Car was cranked AFTER belt broke - Crankshaft Is therefore likely not aligned with camshaft pulley position.

just align the cam and crank marks with the marks on the covers. the timing marks WILL NOT ALIGN with the number one piston on TDC. just align the marks and the car will run ok. that's the correct way to do it.

Hi, the crankshaft marks are on the belt pulley and timing cover, so you have to mate it up to see them. The cam sprocket mark goes on the bottom, and aligns with another mark on the timing cover. There is a plug you pull out and hole to look thru to align the cam sprocket/shaft.








Rotate the engine so that No. 1 cylinder is at TDC on the compression stroke. Check that the timing marks are aligned on the camshaft and crankshaft pulleys. An access plug is provided in the cam belt cover so that the camshaft timing can be checked without removal of the cover or any other parts. Set the crankshaft to TDC by aligning the timing mark on the crank pulley with the TDC mark on the belt cover. Look through the access hole in the belt cover to make sure that the timing mark on the cam drive sprocket is lined up with the pointer on the inner belt cover.

Hope this helps. Please don't forget to rate....thanks!

Crankshaft, camshaft, and distributor timing marks-2300 cc engine (© Ford Motor Co.)

On 2000 cc engines, turn the crankshaft until the two round locating holes in the camshaft pulley are visible from the rear side of the pulley, looking forward from the left-side of the car. When these two holes are parallel to the ground, the timing pointer on the crankshaft pulley should point to TDC. If the drive belt is dislocated, the crankshaft damper will be retarded or advanced 19° per cog on the belt.

If the engine you are working on does not have the two locating holes on the rear side of the camshaft pulley, then you will have to remove the drive belt cover and observe that when the crankshaft timing marks are aligned to TDC of the compression stroke of the No. 1 cylinder, the distributor rotor is pointing to the index mark on the upper lip of the distributor housing which coincides with No. 1 spark plug tower, and the pointer on the camshaft pulley is aligned with the index mark on the cylinder head.

On 2300 cc engines, there is an access plug provided in the cam drive belt cover so that the camshaft timing can be checked without removing the drive belt cover. Remove the access plug, turn the crankshaft until the timing mark on the crankshaft damper indicates TDC, and observe that the timing mark on the camshaft drive sprocket is aligned with the pointer on the inner belt cover. Also, the rotor of the distributor must align with the No. 1 cylinder firing position.

CAUTION:

After any procedure requiring removal of the rocker arms on the 2300, each lash adjuster must be fully collapsed after assembly, then released. This must be done before the camshaft is turned.

Crankshaft, camshaft, and distributor timing marks-2300 cc engine (© Ford Motor Co.)

Crankshaft, camshaft, and distributor timing marks-2300 cc engine (© Ford Motor Co.)

Checking 2000 cc overhead camshaft timing (© Ford Motor Co)

Installation
1.Install No. 2 idler pulley (if removed). Install and tighten bolt to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Ensure idler pulley is clean and rotates smoothly. 2.Install No. 1 idler pulley and tension spring (if removed). Pry No. 1 idler pulley away from timing belt area as far as possible. Temporarily tighten No. 1 idler pulley bolt. Ensure idler pulley is clean and rotates smoothly. 3.Using crankshaft pulley bolt, rotate crankshaft so timing mark on crankshaft sprocket aligns with timing mark on oil pump housing. See. This will position keyway in crankshaft sprocket at 12 o'clock position.

CAUTION:If reusing timing belt, ensure reference marks on timing belt align with reference marks placed on crankshaft and camshaft sprockets. Ensure timing belt is installed in original direction of rotation.
4.Ensure all sprockets and idler pulleys are clean. Install timing belt on crankshaft sprocket, oil pump sprocket, No. 1 idler pulley, and then No. 2 idler pulley in sequence. 5.Install timing belt guide with cupped side away from crankshaft sprocket and flat side toward timing belt. Install No. 1 timing belt cover and new gasket. 6.Align crankshaft pulley key groove with key in crankshaft. Install crankshaft pulley. Install and tighten crankshaft pulley bolt to specification. 7.Rotate crankshaft clockwise so cylinder No. 1 is at TDC on compression stroke. Ensure timing mark on crankshaft pulley aligns with "0" mark on No. 1 timing belt cover. If reusing timing belt, ensure reference mark on timing belt aligns with upper edge of No. 1 timing belt cover. 8.Rotate camshaft, and align hole in camshaft sprocket with alignment mark on camshaft bearing cap. See Fig. 2 . Install timing belt on camshaft sprocket. If reusing timing belt, ensure reference mark on timing belt aligns with the reference mark on camshaft sprocket. Ensure tension exists on timing belt between the crankshaft and camshaft sprockets.
CAUTION:DO NOT rotate crankshaft counterclockwise, as viewed from timing belt end of engine.
9.Loosen No. 1 idler pulley bolt 1/2 turn. Rotate crankshaft pulley 2 full revolutions clockwise from TDC to TDC. 10.Ensure timing mark on crankshaft pulley aligns with "0" mark on No. 1 timing belt cover, and hole in camshaft sprocket aligns with alignment mark on camshaft bearing cap. See Fig. 2 . If timing marks are not aligned, remove timing belt and reinstall. 11.Rotate crankshaft clockwise 1 and 7/8 revolutions and align crankshaft pulley "0" mark with 45-degree Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) mark on No. 1 timing belt cover. See Fig. 5 . 12.Tighten No. 1 idler pulley bolt to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Install No. 2 timing belt cover and gaskets. Install and tighten spark plugs to specification. 13.To install remaining components, reverse removal procedure. Install all bolts/nuts on right (timing belt side) engine mount before tightening to specification. 14.On Camry, when installing control rod and bracket on strut tower and right (timing belt side engine mount, tighten bolts to specification in sequence.

2.0L Engine SOHC ENGINE

1. Remove the drive belt and timing cover.
2. Raise the car and support it with safety stands.
3. Remove the right-hand splash shield and the crankshaft pulley. Fig. 11: The timing marks on both the camshaft and crankshaft pulleys must be aligned like this before removing or installing the timing belt — 2.0L SOHC engines
   
   
4. Align the timing marks as illustrated in the accompanying illustration.
5. Refer to the accompanying illustration and remove the timing belt as follows:
   1. Loosen the timing belt tensioner bolt (1).
   2. Use an 8mm Allen wrench, and turn the tensioner (2) counterclockwise 1⁄4 turn.
   3. Insert a 1⁄8 inch drill bit in the hole (3) to lock the belt tensioner in place.
   4. Remove the timing belt (4). Fig. 12: Remove the timing belt by following these 4 numbered steps (refer to the text for an explanation) — 2.0L SOHC engine
      
      
   5. Inspect the belt for damage and signs of oil leakage. To install: NOTE: Install the timing belt over the sprocket in a counterclockwise direction starting at the crankshaft. Keep the belt span between the crankshaft and camshaft tight when installing the belt over the camshaft.
      
6. Install the timing belt and remove the drill bit.
7. Tighten the tensioner bolt to 15–22 ft. lbs. (20–30 Nm).
8. Rotate the engine two complete revolutions and make sure the timing marks are aligned.
9. Install the timing belt cover and crankshaft pulley.
10. Install the right-hand splash shield and the drive belt.
11. Start the car and check for proper operation.

DOHC ENGINE NOTE: A camshaft alignment timing tool (No. T94P-6256-CH or equivalent) and a crankshaft Top Dead Center (TDC) timing peg tool (No. T97P-6000-A or equivalent) are required for this procedure. NOTE: Make sure the correct notch in the pulley is indexed to the lower cylinder block. Refer to the accompanying illustration. Fig. 13: A camshaft alignment timing tool . . .
Fig. 14: . . . and a crankshaft TDC timing peg tool are required when removing and installing the timing belt

1. Remove the spark plugs.
2. Rotate the crankshaft to TDC.
3. Locate and remove the plug bolt by the Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor (refer to the illustration) and install the TDC timing peg. Fig. 15: Remove the plug bolt by the Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor and install the TDC timing peg
   
   
4. Raise the car and support it with safety stands.
5. Unfasten the splash shields bolts and remove the shield.
6. Lower the car and remove the water pump pulley.
7. Remove the valve cover and the timing belt covers.
8. Align the camshafts and install the camshaft alignment tool on the back of the camshafts as illustrated. Fig. 16: Align the camshafts and install the alignment tool
   WARNING
   If the camshaft belt is being reused, mark the direction of the camshaft belt to the rotation of the camshaft prior to removal, or premature wear and belt failure could occur.
   
9. Loosen the tensioner pulley bolt and relieve the tension on the belt by disconnecting the tensioner tab from the timing cover back plate.
10. Slide the belt off the sprockets.
11. Inspect the belt for wear and replace as necessary. Fig. 17: Timing belt routing — 2.0L DOHC engine
    To install:
    
12. If, for any reason, the engine was disturbed, the camshafts moved or the sprockets replaced, perform the following procedure: NOTE: Make sure the correct notch in the pulley is indexed to the lower cylinder block.
    1. Position the crankshaft just prior to Top Dead Center (TDC).
    2. If not already done, locate and remove the plug bolt by the Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor (refer to the illustration) and install the TDC timing peg.
    3. Rotate the crankshaft clockwise against the TDC peg. NOTE: Installation of the alignment tool into the exhaust camshaft may require the camshafts to be rotated clockwise.
       
    4. Install the camshaft alignment tool on the back of the camshafts.
    5. Install the timing belt and engage the timing belt tensioner tab into the upper timing cover backplate. NOTE: A 3⁄8 inch drive, 10mm, 2 inch torque adapter offset is required to tighten the tensioner bolt.
       
    6. Using a 6mm Allen wrench, adjust the tensioner until the index marks are aligned and tighten the bolt to 17–20 ft. lbs. (22–28 Nm).
    7. Rotate the crankshaft clockwise against the TDC alignment peg, then remove the camshaft alignment tool.
    8. Remove the TDC peg tool and install the plug bolt.
    9. Install the timing and valve covers.
    10. Install the water pump pulley and the splash shield.
    11. Install the spark plugs. If the engine or the camshaft were not disturbed in any way, or the sprockets were not removed, perform the following procedure:
        
13. Install the timing belt and engage the timing belt tensioner tab into the upper timing cover backplate. Fig. 18: Engage the timing belt tensioner tab into the upper timing cover backplate . . .
    Fig. 19: . . . then use a 6mm Allen wrench to adjust the tensioner until the index marks are aligned
    Fig. 20: A 3⁄8 inch drive, 10mm, 2 inch torque adapter offset is required to tighten the tensioner bolt (arrow) — 2.0L DOHC engine
    NOTE: A 3⁄8 inch drive, 10mm, 2 inch torque adapter offset is required to tighten the tensioner bolt.
    
14. Using a 6mm Allen wrench, adjust the tensioner until the index marks are aligned and tighten the bolt to 17–20 ft. lbs. (22–28 Nm).
15. Rotate the crankshaft clockwise against the TDC alignment peg, then remove the camshaft alignment tool. Fig. 21: Rotate the crankshaft clockwise against the TDC alignment peg
    
    
16. Remove the TDC peg tool and install the plug bolt.
17. Install the timing and valve covers.
18. Install the water pump pulley and the splash shield.
19. Install the spark plugs.

Timing Belt and Sprockets REMOVAL & INSTALLATION Fig. 1: If you plan on reusing the timing belt, make sure you note the direction of the rotation before removal Fig. 2: If the special tool is unavailable, a suitable length and width straight edge can be used to align the camshafts Fig. 3: Camshaft alignment using the special service tool Fig. 4: Insert the crankshaft damper bolt to turn the crankshaft and . . . Fig. 5: . . . align the camshafts and the . . . Fig. 6: . . . crankshaft before removing the old belt Fig. 7: Loosen the timing belt tensioner pulley bolt, slide the tensioner back and . . . Fig. 8: . . . tighten the bolt to the farthest right hand side as possible to hold the release the tensioner pulley so that the belt can be removed Fig. 9: . . . remove the belt starting from around the camshaft pulleys Fig. 10: Installation of the tensioner spring and retaining bolt For information on timing belt recommended replacement interval, refer to Section 1. CAUTION
The 2.0L engine is an interference motor. Extending the replacement interval could lead to the belt breaking and severe and costly engine damage. Care must be taken if rotating the crankshaft or camshafts with the belt off, if resistance is felt, do not force them to turn.

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Remove the timing belt covers as outlined in this Section.
3. Remove the valve cover.
4. Place Camshaft Alignment Timing Tool T94P-6256-CH or equivalent, into the slots of both camshafts at the rear of the cylinder head to lock the camshafts into position. NOTE: If the special tool is unavailable, a suitable length and width straight edge can be used to align the camshafts.
   
5. Loosen the camshaft timing belt tensioner pulley retaining bolt and move the tensioner pulley to relieve the tension on the timing belt.
6. Temporarily tighten the tensioner in this position. NOTE: If the timing belt is to be reused, mark the belt for the direction of rotation before removing to prevent premature wear or failure.
   
7. Remove the timing belt.
8. If required, remove the sprockets as follows:
   1. Hold the camshaft with an appropriate camshaft sprocket holding tool.
   2. Loosen and remove the camshaft sprocket retaining bolt.
   3. Remove the sprocket from the camshaft.
   4. Repeat the procedure for the 2nd camshaft sprocket.
   5. Remove the crankshaft sprocket.
9. Slide the crankshaft sprocket onto the crankshaft aligning the key-way.
10. Align the camshafts using the Camshaft Alignment Timing Tool T94P-6256-CH. NOTE: If the special tool is unavailable, a suitable length and width straight edge can be used to align the camshafts.
    
11. Reinstall the sprockets onto the camshafts and loosely install the camshaft retaining bolts.
12. Tighten the camshaft sprocket retaining bolts to 47–53 ft. lbs. (64–72 Nm) .
13. Loosely install the crankshaft pulley to verify that the engine is at TDC. Realign the marks if they have moved.
14. Verify that the camshafts are aligned. NOTE: It is recommended to purchase a tensioner spring and retaining bolt through the dealer parts to apply the proper tension for used or new belt installations. The spring is bolted to the tensioner assembly and becomes a part of the engine. Ignore this notice if the tensioner spring is already installed.
    
15. Reinstall the retaining bolt (W700001-S309) into the hole provided in the cylinder block and place the tensioner spring (6L277) between the bolt and the camshaft timing belt tensioner pulley.
16. Tighten the retainer bolt to 71–97 inch lbs. (8–11 Nm) .
17. Remove the crankshaft pulley and install the timing belt onto the crankshaft sprocket, then onto the camshaft sprockets working in a counterclockwise direction.
18. Tighten the camshaft sprocket retaining bolts to 47–53 ft. lbs. (64–72 Nm) .
19. Be sure that the span of the camshaft timing belt between the crankshaft sprocket and the exhaust camshaft sprocket is not loose.
20. Be sure that the camshaft timing belt is securely aligned on all sprockets.
21. Reinstall the lower timing belt cover and tighten the retaining bolts to 53–71 inch lbs. (6–8 Nm) .
22. Apply silicone sealer to the key-way of the crankshaft pulley and install. Tighten the retaining bolt to 81–89 ft. lbs. (110–120 Nm) .
23. Inspect the timing mark on the crankshaft pulley to verify that the engine is still at TDC.
24. Loosen the camshaft timing belt tensioner pulley retaining bolt and allow the tensioner spring attached to the pulley to draw the tensioner pulley against the camshaft timing belt.
25. Remove the camshaft alignment timing tool from the camshafts at the rear of the engine.
26. Turn the crankshaft two revolutions in a clockwise direction.
27. Tighten the camshaft timing belt tensioner pulley retaining bolt to 26–30 ft. lbs. (35–40 Nm) .
28. Recheck that the crankshaft timing mark is at TDC for the No. 1 piston, and that both camshafts are in alignment using the camshaft alignment timing tool. NOTE: A slight adjustment of the camshafts to allow the insertion of the camshaft alignment timing tool is permissible as long as the crankshaft stays at the TDC location.
    
29. An appropriate camshaft sprocket holding tool can be used to move the camshaft sprocket (s) if a slight adjustment is required.
30. If a camshaft is not properly aligned, perform the following procedure:
    1. Loosen the retaining bolt securing the sprocket to the camshaft while holding the camshaft sprocket from turning with the sprocket holding tool.
    2. Turn the camshaft until the camshaft alignment timing tool can be installed.
    3. Verify that the crankshaft timing mark is at TDC for the No. 1 cylinder.
    4. While holding the camshaft sprocket with the camshaft sprocket holding tool, tighten the retaining bolt to 47–53 ft. lbs. (64–72 Nm) .
    5. Remove the tool and rotate the crankshaft two revolutions (clockwise) .
    6. Verify that the camshafts are aligned and that the crankshaft is at TDC for the No. 1 cylinder.
31. Install the valve cover.
32. Install the timing belt covers.
33. Connect the negative battery cable.

TDC is top dead center/ remove spark plug on cylinder no. 1/ rotate the crankshaft pulley using a socket wrench and power handle and check if the piston on your cylinder no. 1 reach the top center that is TDC/ remove timing belt cover and locate a synchronized marking on your camshaft and crankshaft pulley/ remove old timing belt/ install a new one but make sure that the mark on your camshaft and crankshaft is perfectly synchronized before putting the cover/ manually rotate the crankshaft pulley again and see if it rotates 360 deg. freely then you can be sure you did the job correctly.

Click on the following free direct Link. It has the Timing: Belt and Mark Diagrams for your 1994 Volvo 960. Plus additional Instructional and Directional Diagrams.

Let me know if this helped, or if you have additional information or questions. Feel Free to contact me at FixYa.com!

http://www.2carpros.com/car_repair_information/year/1994/make/volvo/model/960/1994_volvo_960_timing_belt_diagram_marks.htm

Hi Kmcarroll77

TIMING BELT REPLACEMENT - 2.2L -1993 Toyota Camry

Installation
1.Install No. 2 idler pulley (if removed). Install and tighten bolt to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Ensure idler pulley is clean and rotates smoothly. 2.Install No. 1 idler pulley and tension spring (if removed). Pry No. 1 idler pulley away from timing belt area as far as possible. Temporarily tighten No. 1 idler pulley bolt. Ensure idler pulley is clean and rotates smoothly. 3.Using crankshaft pulley bolt, rotate crankshaft so timing mark on crankshaft sprocket aligns with timing mark on oil pump housing. See. This will position keyway in crankshaft sprocket at 12 o'clock position.

CAUTION:If reusing timing belt, ensure reference marks on timing belt align with reference marks placed on crankshaft and camshaft sprockets. Ensure timing belt is installed in original direction of rotation.
4.Ensure all sprockets and idler pulleys are clean. Install timing belt on crankshaft sprocket, oil pump sprocket, No. 1 idler pulley, and then No. 2 idler pulley in sequence. 5.Install timing belt guide with cupped side away from crankshaft sprocket and flat side toward timing belt. Install No. 1 timing belt cover and new gasket. 6.Align crankshaft pulley key groove with key in crankshaft. Install crankshaft pulley. Install and tighten crankshaft pulley bolt to specification. 7.Rotate crankshaft clockwise so cylinder No. 1 is at TDC on compression stroke. Ensure timing mark on crankshaft pulley aligns with "0" mark on No. 1 timing belt cover. If reusing timing belt, ensure reference mark on timing belt aligns with upper edge of No. 1 timing belt cover. 8.Rotate camshaft, and align hole in camshaft sprocket with alignment mark on camshaft bearing cap. See Fig. 2 . Install timing belt on camshaft sprocket. If reusing timing belt, ensure reference mark on timing belt aligns with the reference mark on camshaft sprocket. Ensure tension exists on timing belt between the crankshaft and camshaft sprockets.
CAUTION:DO NOT rotate crankshaft counterclockwise, as viewed from timing belt end of engine.
9.Loosen No. 1 idler pulley bolt 1/2 turn. Rotate crankshaft pulley 2 full revolutions clockwise from TDC to TDC. 10.Ensure timing mark on crankshaft pulley aligns with "0" mark on No. 1 timing belt cover, and hole in camshaft sprocket aligns with alignment mark on camshaft bearing cap. See Fig. 2 . If timing marks are not aligned, remove timing belt and reinstall. 11.Rotate crankshaft clockwise 1 and 7/8 revolutions and align crankshaft pulley "0" mark with 45-degree Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) mark on No. 1 timing belt cover. See Fig. 5 . 12.Tighten No. 1 idler pulley bolt to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Install No. 2 timing belt cover and gaskets. Install and tighten spark plugs to specification. 13.To install remaining components, reverse removal procedure. Install all bolts/nuts on right (timing belt side) engine mount before tightening to specification. 14.On Camry, when installing control rod and bracket on strut tower and right (timing belt side engine mount, tighten bolts to specification in sequence. See Fig. 6 . On MR2, tighten engine


Hope this helps, don't forget to rate.

Lazaruselite

Hi,
The 3L 24V straight 6 engine has timing marks on the crankshaft pulley & on the camshaft pulleys. The crankshaft pulley aligns with a mark on the front of the block, the camshafts align with two marks on the plastic cover on the top. The ignition timing, the fuel/air mixture & the valve timing are not adjustable. The 3L engine is known as an "Interference" engine, in other words, if the cam belt breaks or is not set up correctly, the pistons 'meet' the valves, with dire consequences!!!!!