The fuel gauge, temperature and speedometer needle of my Chevrolet Optra are not functioning. What could be responsible for this?

http://www.bbbind.com/free-tsb Enter vehicle info. year , make , model an engine size . Under system click on body & accessories ,then under subsystem click on instrumentation , Click the search button then the blue link.
Don't know what problem you are having , could help you out if you listed problem . The instrument cluster is a electronic module ,has a microprocessor inside . The gauges display info. come's to the instrument cluster via class 2 serial data network from the PCM/ECM - engine computer . Factory or professional scan tool can communicate with the instrument cluster , view data , read DTC'S - diagnostic trouble code's . If you don't know this , your best bet , take it to a qualified repair shop.
You won't find wires for fuel sending unit , this info. is sent to the PCM/ECM an sent over single wire class 2 data bus.

Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge
The Power Control Module (PCM) broadcasts the coolant temperature value via the class 2 serial data line. The instrument cluster compares the temperature data using a 16 point look-up table in order to determine the needle deflection. A smooth filter is used in order to secure a continuous response. The instrument cluster drives the temperature gauge to C (cold) under the following conditions:
• The temperature data is lost.
• The PCM is in a state of health fault.

Fuel Gauge
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) broadcasts the fuel level data via the class 2 serial data line. The instrument cluster compares the fuel data using a 16 point look-up table in order to determine the needle deflection. A smooth filter is used in order to secure a continuous response. The instrument cluster may determine if a low fuel condition is present. In the event of a low fuel condition, the following conditions may occur:
• The instrument cluster shall activate the LOW FUEL indicator.
• Send a chime message to the Body Control Module (BCM).
The instrument cluster may drive the fuel gauge to E (empty) under the following conditions:
• The fuel level data is lost.
• The PCM is in a state of health fault.

Speedometer and Odometer
The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a gear-driven permanent magnet generator housed in the transaxle. The sensor generates a sine wave output with a frequency proportional to the vehicle speed. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) uses this information to generate a vehicle speed signal that is sent through the class 2 serial data link; the instrument cluster then is able to utilize this data for the operation of:
• The speedometer
• The odometer


Data Link Communications Operation
Class 2 Serial Data Link
The Class 2 serial data link is used so the following modules can communicate data with each other:
• The Body Control Module (BCM)
• The Electronic Brake Control Module (EBCM)
• The Inflatable Restraint Sensing and Diagnostic Module (SDM)
• The Instrument Panel Cluster
• The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
• The Heater-A/C Control

The ground connection to your instrument cluster has failed. Try running a separate ground connection to a different chassis ground point.

see the diagram attached, and fix it. The cause is IC faulty.
God bless you

Faulty instrument cluster. GM has had many problems with their instrument clusters and this is one of them.There has been a recall untold,that if your vehicle is not over 7 years old and have less than 70,000 miles on it they will replace it at no charge.GOOD LUCK!! P.S. if they won't cover it then you can get one at www.Dorman.com .

Specifically what Needle is going back and forth? You need to be more specificfor anyone to understand what your difficulty is. Are you speaking of the Tachometer? Speedometer? Oil Pressure Gauge? Ammeter or Voltmeter? Temperature Gauge?

Fastest Robe

Most likely the stepper motors which drive the speedometer and fuel gauge are defective and need to be replaced.

There is no speedometer cable on the 2003 Yukon, if there is no transmission issues like shifting problem. Your instrument cluster has gone bad, to pinpoint. Your stepper motor to your speedometer gauge has failed and needs to be replaced. You can do a search on Ebay for the stepper motor for around $10.00 which is better then the $400.00 cost of another instrument cluster.
There was a TSB on the replacement of the instrument cluster for your Yukon free of charge. The only cost to you is the labor charge unless your willing to do the job your self. Just go to the Gm Dealer and give them this TSB Number: # 07187C: Special Coverage Adjustment - Instrument Panel Cluster Gauge Needle Function - (Mar 20, 2009)
Subject:
07187C -- SPECIAL COVERAGE ADJUSTMENT - INSTRUMENT PANEL CLUSTER GAUGE NEEDLE FUNCTION
Models:
2003-2004 CADILLAC ESCALADE, ESCALADE ESV, ESCALADE EXT
2005 CADILLAC ESCALADE, ESCALADE ESV, ESCALADE EXT (U.S. ONLY)
2003-2004 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE, SILVERADO, SUBURBAN, TAHOE
2005 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE, SILVERADO, SUBURBAN, TAHOE (U.S.ONLY)
2003-2004 GMC SIERRA, YUKON, YUKON XL
2005 GMC SIERRA, YUKON, YUKON XL (U.S. ONLY)
Some customers of all 2003-2004 model year and certain U.S. 2005 model year Cadillac Escalade, Escalade ESV, and Escalade EXT; Chevrolet Avalanche, Silverado, Suburban, and Tahoe; and GMC Sierra, Yukon, and Yukon XL vehicles have reported that one or more of the instrument panel (IP) cluster gauges stick, flutter, or become inoperative. This may cause inaccurate readings, including the speedometer and fuel gauge. Special Coverage Adjustment This special coverage covers the condition described above for a period of 7 years or 70,000 miles (110,000 km), whichever occurs first, from the date the vehicle was originally placed in service, regardless of ownership.
Dealers are to replace the instrument panel cluster after the condition has been verified. The repairs will be made at no charge to the customer.

For verified failures between 70,001 miles (110,001 km) and 80,000 miles (130,000 km) on U.S. vehicles, dealers are to provide the customer with an instrument panel cluster (IPC) only. Any additional costs, including labor to replace the instrument panel cluster, will be the responsibility of the customer. Dealers are responsible for the return of the customer's IPC back to the Electronic Service Center

Thank you for using fixya and good luck.

Your Speedometer Needle is driven by a "Stepper Motor" which is an Electronic Device. There are many GM Vehicles that were factory equipped with these and some if not most have already gone bad. Most reputable Speedometer Repair facilities can repair it for you. You might also check with a Chevrolet Dealer. If the vehicle has LOW MILEAGE it may still be covered under warranty. The entire Instrument Cluster must be removed and disassembled to gain access and replace the Stepper Motor(s). I would strongly suggest having ALL of them replaced when you have it fixed. These are Fuel Gauge, Temperature Gauge, Oil Pressure Gauge, Tachometer and Volt Meter in addition to the Speedometer.

Hope this helps,

Fastest Robe

A faulty vehicle speed sensor will cause this.
It's mounted on the back end of the transmission where the drive shaft slides into, near the top, it's just held in with a bolt, on the right side of the tranny, also has a wire connection.

1st check the #4 fuse (10A) and #10 fuse (7.5A) on the 'under-dash' fuse block.
then #9 fuse (10A) on the 'engine bay' fuse block.

if the fuses are good, the gauge assembly has has "self-diagnostic" feature.

Self-diagnostic Procedure

The gauge assembly has a self-diagnosis function.
. The beeper drive circuit check
. The indicator drive circuit check
. The LCD segments check
. The gauges drive circuit check (speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, coolant temperature gauge)
. The communication line check (the coolant temperature signal line between the gauge and ECM/PCM)


Entering the Self-diagnosis Function:
1. Push and hold the trip/reset button.
2. Turn the lighting switch ON.
3. Turn the ignition switch ON (ll).
4. Within 5 sec., turn the lighting switch OFF, then ON and OFF again.
5. Within 5 sec., release the trip/reset button, then push and release the button four times repeatedly.

NOTE:
. While in the self-diagnosis mode, the dash lights brightness controller operates normally.
. While in the self-diagnosis mode, the trip/reset button is used to start the beeper drive circuit test and the gauge drive circuit check.
. lf the vehicle speed exceeds 1.2 mph (2 km/h) or the ignition switch is turned OFF, the self-diagnosis mode ends.

The Beeper Drive Circuit Check:
When entering the self-diagnosis mode, the beeper sounds five times.

The Indicator Drive Circuit Check:
When entering the self-diagnosis mode. the indicators lights (such as: Seat belt indicator light, Door/hatch indicator light, Brake system light. Charging system light, Low fuel indicator light, maintenance required light) blink.

The LCD Segment Check:
When entering the self-diagnosis mode, the odo/trip segment blinks five times.

The Gauge Drive Circuit Check:
When entering the self-diagnosis mode, the speedometer, the tachometer, the fuel gauge, and the coolant
temperature gauge needles go from the minimum position to maximum position, then return to the minimum position.
NOTE:
After the beeper stops sounding and the gauge needles return to the minimum position, pushing the trip/reset button, starts the beeper drive circuit check {one beep), and the gauge drive circuit check again.
The check cannot be started until the gauge needles return to the minimum position.

The Communication Line Gheck:
In the seif-diagnosis mode, after the odo/trip LCD segments check, the self-diagnosis starts the communication line check.
lf all segments comes on, the communication line is OK.
lf the word" Error" is indicated, there is a malfunction in the communication line between the gauge assembly, the multiplex control unit, and the ECM/PCM,

Ending the Self-diagnosis Function:
Turn the ignition switch OFF.

Note: lf the vehicle speed exceeds 1 .2 mph (2 km/h), the self-diagnosis function ends.
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If everything works correctly during the check, check your VSS (vehicle speed sensor)