2009 Elantra has positive battery terminal on back left. Suggested 600 cca replacements have positive terminal on right. How can this be?

Yes is it perfect Group 75 is the size and 650 Cold Cranking Amps is middle range 550CCA to 720CCA.

By default, group 75 batteries feature side battery terminals (positive to the left), but some models feature both top and side terminals, often being additionally labeled with 'DT' (Dual Terminals) letters.

https://shop.advanceautoparts.com/find/1989-buick-century-battery.c5476

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1. If you can jump start the truck to get it started but not start it with the current battery then you battery is most likely bad and needs to be replaced. (See 2 also).

The problem is the battery is most likely not producing the CCA (cold cranking amps) and CA (cranking amps) that it is supposed to and did when new .( These CCA/CA ratings are listed on the battery label.) In that event you will never be able to start the vehicle.

A basic voltmeter and basic load tester won't tell you if the battery is failing to produce the required CA / CCA to get the vehicle started. Both can indicate your battery is quite passable and OK until a CA/CCA tester is applied and will show the CA/CCA the battery is actually producing which in a failing battery will be well below spec.

2. You should also disconnect the battery cables and clean the battery terminals and cable clamps. If dirty you can get very poor current flow from the existing battery. As a first step check these connections and clean them and eliminate dirty terminals as the cause of your power issue before replacing the battery as suggested.

Replace the terminal the other wire is for the computer.

The OEM battery for any car is 30 to 40 % more that is minimuly needed.
The CCA of the verious Honda cars vary depending on the model and options.
Here are some examples:

24? F
Accord
2009-2008 V6 3.5L
550 CCA

Pilot
2009 V6 3.5L
630 CCA

Civic
2009-2008 L4 2.0L
410 CCA

Civic Del Sol
1997-1993 L4 1.6L
410 CCA

Prelude
2001-1992 L4 2.2L
630 CCA

If the passlock or Security light is flashing, it will never crank. Have that checked.

i had the same problem it turned out the battery just needed replacing if its not that then the next thing to check is your battery cables and see if there is alot of corrosion on them that can also factor in. the last thing id suggest checking is your battery terminals. hope this helps

If you test battery with a load test it will probably fail. Battery is bad. Also have alternator tested. Go to any parts store, even walmart they all test for free. I would put my money on bad battery. Cells getting weak.

Any auto parts store should have replacement battery information for your vehicle. Alot of them even will replace the battery for you when you buy the battery from them.

Yes but I'd be more interested in why the battery is "weak" after only 3 years. Do yourself a favor, go to an independant repair shop or auto parts dealer, most will check your charging system free of charge (you can call first to verify). If the charging system checks out (they will usually do a battery check too). and the battery checks out, you don't need a battery.
Finally, if you do decide to buy a new battery, any auto parts dealer or some tire dealers will have a battery to fit your Rav 4. Hope this lengthy reply (LOL) answers your question. It's a good thing to do your homework like you've just done so pat yourself on the back for me! Best of luck.
Greg

You can buy a battery with as many cca as you like as long as the battery fits your battery box. The cca is how long you can crank motor befor you run out of power If you can get a 700-750 cca battery you will be fine. But you could do with a 450-500cca battery if you want. But I wouldn't go less than that especially if your running the v8