1998 VW Jetta TDI wouldn't shut off until the car was deliberately stalled out. Then there was a ticking/clicking/arching type noise under the hood that seemed as though it was coming from the upper passenger side. Then the car wouldn't start. In order to get the ticking to stop had to disconnect1 battery cable. Reconnected battery cable & the car started again.
SOURCE: Noise Under Hood
I would be most suspicious of the alternator pulley. These are known to have issues and will at some point just come off. You may want to check out this thread on www.tdiclub.com: http://forums.tdiclub.com/showthread.php?t=139424
Hope that helps.
BTW you can drive the car without that belt until the battery dies, you just won't have power steering or AC.
SOURCE: 2006 vw jetta tdi service engine light reset
With the key in the ignition (but not turned), press and hold the Odometer Reset Button on the right hand side of the panel. While still holding that button, turn the key (although not far enough to start the engine) and then press and hold the Minute button on the left side of the instrument pane(if pressing doesnt work try turning the knob clockwise until service light has gone off and skip the pressing)l. Release both buttons at the same time.
SOURCE: 02 VW Jetta TDI with ALH engine glow plug
this is a common problem for these cars glow plugs go bad like spark plugs however the smoke would lead to bad mass airflow meter. it is not telling ecu corrcet miss. disconnect mass airflow meter. when cold see if this makes it start better. it should would means you need new m.a.f. glow plug issue take a test light place clamp on positive of battery then pull off glow plug connectors place tip of test light on glow plug the bad one will have a dull light unlike the good one which will be brighter. will need new plugs and wire harness four **** connectors and wire striper and crimper will fix concern good luck
SOURCE: I have a 2004 VW Jetta tdi and teh starter does
jump the starter or hit it with hammer if it starts starter is bad replace starter
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