Limp Mode - These cars are designed to protect themselves from
engine damage. If the engine boosts too much, or the engine does not get
enough fuel it will go into a limp mode where boost is limited to
protect the engine. It limits boost by controlling a solenoid on the
wastegate line (N75), by closing the electronic throttle or by opening
the DV valve. If you are experiencing a limp mode the best thing to do
is get the car scanned for codes and to see what is wrong. Look at fuel
trims for signs of running lean, and to look for MAF problems, or O2
sensor problems. To look for potential boost problems log Block 115 and
you can see the specified Vs actual boost. If you exceed the specified
then there is a good chance that you will go into this limp mode. Stock
specified is a max of 14 psi for a 2002+ car.
MAF -
Mass Air Flow Meter - is used to measure the air
going into the engine. It is located on the outlet of the airbox, and
housed in a cylindrical tube. The ECU reads the MAF signal, and injects
fuel in proportion to the airflow. There are a few different ways the
MAF can fail. The MAF can get coated with oil, and will not read
properly. This is common if it happens right after installing a CAI, or a
K&N filter. It can be cleaned out with 99% isopropyl alcohol, or a
quality electronics cleaner. Remove the sensor from the housing and
clean the sensor element.
MAF sensors also go bad due to too much airflow. On a car with a larger
turbo the airflow is so high that the MAF element will get burned out
from the excess air flow. It is common to increase the size of the
housing to prevent this (other modifications required).
To check for a BAD MAF the best way is with a VAG com. Block 002 show
air mass from the sensor. At idle the air flow should be 2-4
grams/second. With a wide open throttle run to redline the reading
should show up to 170 g/s on a chipped car. Look for jumpy readings in
the MAF, which can indicate a problem. More details here:
http://www.ross-tech.com/vag-com/cars/fuel-trim.html
if you suspect your MAF is bad, one way to test it is to unplug the MAF,
often if the MAF is giving false readings and upsets the fueling. If
you unplug it, the ECU will ignore the MAF and run off of baseline
tables. Be careful, as a boost leak or a vacuum leak can be
miss-diagnosed as a bad MAF, because they will throw off the readings on
the MAF. (Air sneaks around the MAF).