You're right.
Formatting in-camera will only reset the two File Allocation Tables, which act as a pointer to where the data really resides.
The data (pictures) should remain safe until they are overwritten (the File Allocation Tables will have been marked to show their positions as being overwriteable).
There are lots of solutions, the most expensive, is to send the card to a data recovery place (I don't know from your profile, where you are, but Fuji UK has a very good data recovery department, for just such a problem).
Another way, is to use data recovery software. These, on the whole, work very well, and vary in price from zero, to a few hundred bucks. I've found little difference in quality between them.
However, the easiest and currently most popular, seems to be F-Recovery...
http://www.filerecoverytools.com/product...It is no better than most of the freeware tools out there, it's just easier for a novice to follow.