How to replace the headlight bulb or fuse .how do you take out the bulb or f;ilament when headlight stops working

Check fuses first!

Solution: If both headlights aren't working, it's unlikely that a bulb is at fault. The likely cause is a fuse, headlight relay, headlight switch, dimmer switch or a wiring fault. ... Consult your owner's manual to locate the main fuse for the headlight circuit and replace that fuse with one having the same amp rating.
OR
Most total headlight failures are caused by a bad component like a fuse, relay, or module. Wiring problems can also cause both headlights to stop working. High beam headlights don't work or low beams don't work. The cause: A burned out bulb, or a problem with the high beam switch or relay.
https://www.lifewire.com/fix-non-working-headlights-4137021

1. I own a Protege and once the low beam bulb burns on one headlight the car electronics quickly cook the bulb on the other headlight as well. it is a poor design by the mfr. Pull both bulbs to make sure the low beam is not cooked.

You may have blown a fuse, check fuses first then before you try to replace the bulb again check for broken wires or the correct bulb

TURN ON IGNITION SWITCH, NO NEED TO START THE ENGINE. CHECK ALL THE FUSES, WITH A FUSE TESTER, FUSE BOXES, ONE UNDER THE HOOD 7 one under the dash. A LOT OF CARS HAVE SEPARATE FUSES FOR EACH HEADLIGHT.

You probably have a bad switch.If your hi beams work then the fuse is good.

Hi,
The simple answer may be that the low beam side is burnt out. Replace the bulb.
However, if both headlights have stopped working when switching to low beams, there may be a problem with the relay or the switch itself. If the cost of a relay is low for your car, it may be less expensive to simply replace that component than to have it diagnosed in a repair shop. Replacement of the switch requires some disassembly of the steering column or dash in most vehicles.
This is how to fix the low beam..
1.Check your fuses. The plastic panel covering the fuses should have a diagram detailing what each fuse covers. If yours is missing, or unlabeled, check your owner's manual, or a Hanes(tm) or Chilton(tm) repair manual. Often if a headlight is not working, it is the result of a blown fuse. Fuses have a wire running through them that will melt when too much current is run through them. If the fuse is blown, the wire will be broken. If the fuse for the headlight you are working on has an intact wire, it is likely the problem lies elsewhere.
2.Swap the headlight for its twin. If your left headlight does not work, put the light from your right headlight in its place. If it works with the other headlight in place, your headlight bulb is dead, and needs to be replaced.
3.If this does not work, try using a voltmeter on the plug for the bad headlight. Turn on the ignition, and turn the headlight switch. If the voltmeter shows no current, then either your switch or the wiring leading to the headlight has gone bad.
4.If replacing your headlight switch does not solve the problem, then there is a break in the wiring leading to the headlight, and the wiring will need to be replaced.
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Do you have park,signal lights ,check fuses.

dont replace the bulbs ...check the fuses first...each circuit has its own independent fuse...one for low beam one for high beam and a separate low voltage one for running lights...you may have 1 bad bulb at very worst that could have blown the fuse...why spend extra money on 2

You will need to look at the plug for the headlight. If it looks good, I would look for the headlight low beam fuse.