One or more of the hints below will probably sort out most USB problems with most USB portable / external hard drives and OTHER devices (though not always)
A few things to check but assumes USB and Windows for other interfaces / operating systems (mac/ Linux) similar steps may be adapted to suit.
1. Ensure it is connected directly to the computer to a USB 2.0 port not a USB 1.0 port as this can have effects on performance and reliability
2. Use only the cables that came with it NOT one that fits that may have been lying around or is longer. Not all USB cables are equal even though they should be)
3. Do not connect through an external USB HUB unless that hub is USB 2.0 AND has its own power supply.
4. Use ONLY the power supply that came with it if it has an external power supply Don’t use any other unless you know it has both the same voltage and current rating e.g. 12V 500mA anything rated below that would not work properly.
5. Always use the same port for connecting your devices. Some devices do not like being switched about. If switched they may want to install software / drivers again. This can be especially true if you move a HUB to another port
6. For FLASH DRIVES you should ensure that the device is set for "quick removal" using the drive control panel properties or use the USB "Safely Remove Hardware" option. If you dont do this there is a very strong chance that any files you transfer may not be there when you plug into another computer.
7. It is possible to remove drives from the enclosures in most cases and connect directly inside a PC to fully check it. You should also do this to cheack the drives connections are not bad inside the enclosure.
8. If none of the above steps help look at updating the drivers from the manufacturers web site in the support section.
9. If you checked and fixed anything there and still have issues then check your hardware from CONTROL PANEL / SYSTEM / HARDWARE. Any exclamation marks by hardware need fixing before you investigate any further
SPECIAL NOTES
USB flash drives can fail for no apparent reason. Sandisk Cruzers are especially bad for this.
USB hard drives should be treated with extreme care. This is a real hard drive ! and knocks and bumps can quite literally kill them.
Note that if you hear a drive clicking or pinging this could be the worst thing you would hear. Known as "The Click Of Death"
Sometimes when a flash memory stick fails because it was not removed from the USB port properly. If the device is removed by just pulling it out of the USB port, it can cause the flash device to fail, you must click on the Safely Remove Hardware icon on the Task Bar and select the device you wish to remove and only do so when instructed to do so. When the flash memory device appears to malfunction it maybe possible to restore it by reformatting it. Insert the flash drive into the USB port then Click on Control Panel - Administrative Tools - Computer Management - Disk Management. Then right click on Disk 1 removable drive and click Format. After the flash drive has been formatted it will indicate that it is Healthy. You need to format the external drive. Format the drive as primary drive and in FAT32. (FAT32 will allow data to be exchanged between MACs and PCs). Insert the external hard drive into the USB port then Click on Control Panel - Administrative Tools - Computer Management - Disk Management. Then right click on Disk 1 removable drive and click Format. After the flash drive has been formatted it will indicate that it is Health
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