Motherboard failure
If the system appears to power on, but you do not see anything on the screen, there are several methods to determine the problem at hand.
Make sure the cooling system is fucntional.. a bad CPU fan has been known to make the computer power on, but halt and do nothing to protect the CPU. Some CPU fan's have speed sensors, and other do not, some motherboards require the speed sensor to be functional, or resistance in the line.
Some mainboards will function enough to power the system up, but go no further due to onboad componant failures such as bad / broken SMR, SMC, or capacitor. If you are sure the mainboard works, and the monitor is known to function, proceed with the following troubleshooting tips.
1) Remove everything but the memory, GPU, CPU, and HDD, see if boot is successful, if not Step 2)
2) Replace the Power supply, under powered PSU's can make a system unresponsive / fail to make it to POST, if fails step 3)
3) Replace Memory, if fails, 4)
4) Replace GPU.. if fails, 5)
5) Replace CPU, a non-funtional CPU will alow everything to power up, but will not allow POST in some machines.
6) Replace Motherboard, if fails, start at step 1)
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