A/C smelled like smoke then blew 30A fuse - Silverado 1500 2004

You have a short somewhere. You might have some wires melted. I would disconnect the battery to prevent more damage. Visually check the fuse box and the fuses. If you find anything burnt or smell something burnt. Have a mechanic trace the short to repair.

That has to be gas that is not being burned! No idea why blowing a fuse with the air compressor rashed your car like that - must be coincidental or collateral damage.

heater core is leaking

Your heater core has developed a leak (of coolant). The smell is the "sweet" smell of ethylene glycol,
a component of engine coolant. The white smoke is steam coming from the heated coolant evaporating.
The coolant is dripping into your duct work under the dashboard, and apparently being evaporated
out of the ductwork and sent into the passenger compartment, meaning its a small leak.
When the leak gets worse, you may get wet carpet on the front passenger side.

you possibly blew a head gasket

if its a sweet smell, and white smoke, antifreeze, acrid smell, wiring. oily smell, gray smoke, oil, rich pungent smell, black smoke, fuel. hope this helps!!!

You most likely blew a cylinder head gasket.

pull out your spark plugs and try cranking the motor again, see if you're spitting out coolant from the plug holes. I'm asking you to do this, cuz it sounds like you blew a head gasket.

white smoke indicates a blown head gasket check for milky looking oil on the dipstick

1st, the fuse location is marked, what is the 20 Amp fuse for? 2nd, did the smoke have a nauseating sweet smell to it? If it smells like described it is the heater core leaking, coolant steam looks like smoke.