Sounds like bird nests or thread nests where the top thread gathers in knots & loops under the fabric. There are several things that could contribute to thread nests--mis-threading, incorrect tension, thread not seated in the tension disk...
Be sure to install a brand new needle.
Remove the thread from the machine. ALWAYS RAISE the presser foot when threading the machine. This releases the tension disks so the thread will seat properly. Rethread from the beginning. Verify the thread path is correct. Set the upper tension at the midway point between high & low numbers (this is the factory standard but will probably need to be tweaked because every machine differs).
Birds nest under the fabric big loops of thread top side looks good...
What causes Bird Nests Superior Threads
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Sewing Machine Thread Bunching Up Here Why
Increase the needle thread tension as it indicates that the tension is not tight enough
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