I just learned the basic VOR skills like choosing a VOR radial follow it and turning towards VOR 2 right when you are above VOR 1. But when you look at IFR approach/circling charts like this : https://www.nashvillecfi.com/pics/vor-ksyi-vordme18.png there are many stuff that looks like you can't really do with the basic instruments on your small Cessna. What are the 115 degree and 295 degree things at the top end of the 160 degree line? How can you know that you are at the turning point and know that angle? What instruments do you need? Can you do it with small Cessnas that only have the basic VOR and ILS or are those charts for bigger planes with other equipments?
It takes a lot of training and practice to learn to do it right - and even then you may not have it all correct. (I may well have missed something on this approach but I haven't been IFR current in several years)
160 is the final approach heading to runway 18. You notice that this approach does not align exactly with the runway, you make a slight right turn to land. 115deg is the outbound leg heading for a procedure turn and 295 is the return heading from the procedure turn, from which you would turn 160 on final and fly the 160 line to the missed approach point. DME is required for this approach so you would either need DME or a GPS that can supply distance information. To fly this full approach (from southerly directions) you would fly to the VOR, fly outbound at 3000' MSL on a 340 heading for about 7 miles then turn left to heading 115 for 1 minute then right turn to 295 and intercept the 340 radial, turn right to 160 and descend to 2300' by GRAMA and continue descending to 1220" at 1.6 DME from the VOR. From that point, if you have the proper visual cues you may descend below 1220' to land, if you can't see the runway environment from 1220 feet at 1.6 DME then you must stay at that altitude until you do see it or you reach the missed approach point at .3DME. There's a very real reason that an instrument rating is required for IFR flight. It takes a lot of training and practice to learn to do it right - and even then you may not have it all correct. (I may well have missed something on this approach but I haven't been IFR current in several years)
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