Sounds like damage to the mechanism. An inspection inside will determine if any plastic parts are broken. You can also watch the deck load the tape with the top cover off, you will see where it fouls up. The shutting down is simply to prevent further damage. Sometimes the mode switch can play up. This tells the electronics which position the video is in, be it play, record , rewind etc. If it gets dirt or the contacts are worn it starts telling lies to the electronics and so it shuts it down. But I think more likely some mechanical issue, than the mode switch. Observation will soon show up any faults in playback.
This can be due to many faults and need a full check up but I can fill up with few tips.
1. If the cassette loads and the take up spool does not turn then the machine will shut and rewind.
2. If the take up spool rotates but then it shuts down then the reel sensor at the bottom of the forward wheel can be faulty- there are opto devices or proximity sensors/magnetic type.
3. If the drum does not rotate it will shut down as well a fault in the SERVO section.
4. Defective HALL IC can shut the switching and so the servo will shut down the processor.
5. Fault in the power section to deliver the correct voltage to the circuits/loading servo to take up.
6. Finally if the loading is not to the MODE switch point or failure of mode can make the loading to trip as it will not complete the load to the desired point.
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