Whichever thread that is causing the loops may not be seated properly in the tension disk. Remove all the threads. Be sure to RAISE the presser foot BEFORE threading any of the threads. Re-thread from the beginning. With each thread, hold the thread above the tension guides and give each a tug below the tension disk to make sure the threads pop into place. Set all the tension disks at the midpoint between the high & low numbers. Test sew.
If it appears the threads are pulling through loosely, could be the tension disk(s) are not functioning properly. Can try cleaning them:
Remove the threads and loosen all the tension disks to the loosest possible setting. Raise the presser foot. Dampen a length of pearl cotton thread with rubbing alcohol and gently pull it down a couple of times between each tension disk.
Tighten the tension disks. Rethread and test your machine. If the tension is still too loose, may need service.
As for adjusting timing, search the internet for YouTube videos or web sites that show how to do that.
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