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I don't know what machine you're using but I thought that there should only be one thread coming from the bobbin. Have you removed it and checked the winding?
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When a bird's nest of threads appear either on top or underneath your fabric, the likely culprit is your upper thread tension. If loops appear on the underside of the fabric, the upper tension may be too loose. And if knots appear on the top, the upper tension may be too tight.
I would suggest replacing the needle, make sure the needle is correct for the fabric and thread being sewed.
sometimes when the fabric gets caught in the feed dog area, there are different reasons, I'll list some below
fabric is too thin--needs stabilizer
top thread has some off the thread take up lever
bobbin is turned the wrong way in the bobbin case
needle is damaged--replace needle with correct size for fabric being sewed--and insert the needle correctly into the needle holder.
if these suggestions don't help, I also suggest having the machine checked to see if there is some other problem like timing.
Check the ovious things first make sure you needle isnt broken... then make sure there isnt any thread twisted inside your bobin housing. make sure bobin is inserted correctly if those things dont help it could be an issue of timing in your machine... I work as an embroidery operator in a factory setting and those things usually help..
Sometimes it may look like the bobbin is the problem, when it is actually the machine was threaded with the presser foot down.
Refer to the manual for your machine and recheck the direction the thread is be feeding from the bobbin and that it is going through the proper guide(s).
Always thread a sewing machine with the presser foot up.
When threaded with the foot down, the tension is closed and the thread cannot enter. When you sew, the stitches are loose and loopy.
you can either increase the bottom tension or reduce the top tension .. you will notice a little screw on the bobin case ... that screw adjusts the force on a small flat spring which provides the bottom tension (the thread goes under the spring when properly threaded) .. .. tighten that screw a little to increase bottom tension .. you can pull thread thru the bobin case to get a feel for how much tension you have ... you dont have to turn the screw very far to make a significant difference .. try just 1/4 of a turn at a time .. remember where it was originally set so you can put it back when you are finished with your present project .. the greater the bottom tension the less bobin thread will show at the top ... if you get the tension too high then you might see some puckering as you sew ..
hi make sure pressure foot is raised before you start to thread machine ortherwise thread will not slide between tension discs this will cause bunching underside of fabric ...good idea to replace needle good luck
mary h
Try taking the covers off again. Now check under and around the bobin case, thats the black plastic bit that holds the bobin. Look for any fuzz or stray bits of thread inside the machine and and around the feed dogs and under the needle too. I use compressed canned air to get in and really blow everything clean. For some reason if the machine is not totally clean, inside the bobin gets tangled up. If you have had even one knot, odds are parts of it are still floating around inside there somewhere and stopping some little lever from moving and jamming your whole machine. Clean under the bobin case too since lint can left it up and keep the bobin from being perfectly level. Also inspect your bobbin case to make sure it isn't scratched along the edge that rotates back and forth. Even a a tiny scratch will cause it jump its tracks and your bobin will lift up and become jamed. In that case you just have to buy a new bobin case. But most of the time your culprit will be some stray bits of thread or lint.
I have the same problem, I fix it by removing both Shuttle hook and Bobbin Case and tested it to see if the shuttle hook rotated freely within bobbin case. I noticed the screw for the tension spring was too high and was rubbing agaist bobbin case. Just tighten screw on spring and and recheck for rubbing.
You also need to adjust the pressure foot on the top of the machine. This regulates how much pressure is put on the fabric and the feed. Sounds like it is wrong somehow-maybe you need more pressure. Check the pressure adjustment is screwed in properly if it is this type which unscrews.The pressure adjuster Im reffering to is generally a silver colour and looks a bit like a basic tyre pressure guage or pressure cooker valve-it just got a cuple of lines on it and sits on the top left of the machine above the needle bar. The other thing which could cause problems is the bobbin tension-make sure it is running thru smoothly but not too loose.
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