Does the moon have a day and night like we do on earth

no
the moon doesn't spin (rotate ) like the earth does
That is why you see the same man-in-the moon face every night

Hope this helps!

Mass: 86,810,300,000,000,000 billion kg (14.536 x Earth)
Equatorial Diameter: 51,118 km
Polar Diameter: 49,946 km
Equatorial Circumference: 159,354 km
Known Moons: 27
Notable Moons: Oberon, Titania, Miranda, Ariel & Umbriel more info
Known Rings: 13
Orbit Distance: 2,870,658,186 km (19.22 AU)
Orbit Period: 30,687.15 Earth days (84.02 Earth years)
Surface Temperature: -197 °C
Discover Date: March 13th 1781 Online Virus Removal and PC Help Contest

Since the moon orbits the Earth every 27 days, *every* month has a full moon...some have two.

Day and night are determined by the sun, not the Earth. It's day when the sun is above the horizon, night when the sun is below the horizon. Even though the same side always faces the Earth, the sun is a different matter.
A lunar day and night is the same as a lunar month.

Earths closest celestial neighbour approx 250,000 miles from the earth, with a gravity 1/5th of the strength. Responsible via gravametric forces for our oceanic tides. Theologians for centuries believed it to be made of Cheese, however the Apollo proved this to be false and stated it was in fact none organic fat free chocolate. Now many people have misgivings as to whether or not the Appoll11 astronauts ever did get to the moon or was it in fact an elaborate ruse by the then us Government to thwart the Russians,who where also trying to be the first to reach the moon at the time. Well I believe they did otherwise how would they have known about the chocolate ? Simple's

No, sorry. The mean inclination of the lunar orbit relative to the ecliptic plane is merely 5.145 degrees. Just like the sun it rises in general eastern direction and sets in western direction, it will not touch the horizon in the south or north of any location on earth.

This result is independent of the moon phase which is solely determined by sun, moon and earth's relative positioning. The dark (or new moon) is simply not illuminated by the sun on the section visible from earth but still rises in the east.

The sun lights up half of the moon. Depending on where the moon is in its orbit around the earth, we see anywhere from all of the lit half (full moon) to none of it (new moon).

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phase

The moon is larger than moons of other planets and helps slow the earth to have 24 hours days that we know. It gives us the tides. It protects earth from asteroids or other dangers

All telescopes have very small fields of view-- it must be pointed directly at the object in the sky or you will not see anything. Simply put the eyepiece with the largest number written on it into the focuser-- then during the day time practice focusing on a distant object like a building or telephone pole.

The moon should be your first target at night.

All automatic-exposure cameras try to render the scene as a middle gray. The moon is a small portion of the total image, so the camera concentrates on the sky. In trying to get enough light to make the sky go from black to gray, the moon gets completely overexposed. What you want is the moon properly exposed, even if that means the sky goes completely black.

For a full moon, you want the same exposure you would use at noon on a bright day. If you think about it for a moment, it becomes obvious. The full moon is simply a landscape at high noon. Unfortunately, the camera can't know that.

Set the camera to manual. Start with the "Sunny-16 Rule", which tells you to set the aperture to f/16 and the shutter speed to 1/ISO. So for example, set the ISO to 200, the aperture to f/16, and the shutter speed to 1/200. Look at the result on the screen and adjust the exposure as needed.

That was for a full moon. For other phases you may need to add exposure, but the "Sunny-16 Rule" will still give you a starting point.