How do I put code into vertex vx-454 when its locked due to guessing wrong code and now displays error on screen?

SOURCE: vertex radio vx 10

Maybe with the drop the radio speake is out of place, did try to open the radio and find if the speaker is in its correct place? The speaker uses a spring connector and this can be out of place. Good luck

SOURCE: Vertex programming problems via USB

This probably doesn't help, but sometimes a much slower (older) computer will work where a faster (newer) will not. The Motorola's are notorious for this. Others, too. USB is USB, a standard--so that's not your issue.

SOURCE: Vertex headset

Why not just get a differant radio capable for beacons. 406mhz is what they've changed to.
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You used a part that was not compatable with your radio. The VX-150 has a differant size plug than the VXA-150
You'll need to take the radio to repair or bend the jack back to the size for the appropiate headphones.

SOURCE: Vertex VX 400 reprogramming.

Yes you need a firmware program for that. Do you have a local shop in your area?