Transistor
The first letter:
A = Ge material semiconductors,
B = Si material semiconductors,
C = GaAs material semiconductors,
R = Compound material.
The second letter:
A = Diode (low power, signal);
B = Diode (variable capacitance));
C = Transistor (low power, audio frequency);
D = Transistor (power, audio frequency);
F = Transistor (low power, high frequency);
L = Transistor (power, high frequency);
R= control and swithching device);
S = Transistor (low power, swithching);
T = thyristors;
U = Transistor (power, switching);
X = Diode (varactor, multiplier);
Y = Diode (rectifier);
Z = Diode (zener).
So the BC547 is a Silicon low power, audio frequency transistor.
Hope that helps!
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