Oil filter came off will that cause the motor to sound like something broken in it ?

change the oil filter to a better quality wit an anti-drain back valve , change oil and up grade to 30w-50 oil viscosity
remove and check the leak back rate for the hydraulic followers
the problem is that the oil drains back from the valve train resulting in a noise until oil pressure is restored

Oil light is rather important it goes out if oil pressure is good comes on if oil pressure is low when it comes on damage is expected with continued operation like wearing of main bearings and pistons and cylinders can lead to a engine rebuild

Mike, If oil was overfull possible gasket may have blown out from oil pan or oil filter seal may have popped out. If engine was making noise internally prior to all this, you may have a broken connecting rod which punched a hole in oil pan.

Ticking sound could be coming from a Coil-on-Plug, or a pcv valve, or (hope it's not) a valve lifter which could be sticking. Sticking lifter noise often disappears when rpm's change, or the noise comes & goes. try changing the motor oil & filter right after adding an Engine-Flush Treatment to the motor oil, running the engine for 10 minutes at idle with treatment added to the oil, then draining the oil & changing filter while oil is still very hot. That last part is very important, so be careful not to burn your hands - be careful. -- The sticking lifter is a likely cause if motor oil has not been changed at frequent intervals in the past (every 3-4K miles) -- dirty oil causes sticking lifters.

Sounds exactly like an oil pressure sensor is broken off.

hi have you checked the timing belt? this might have broken, the other thing these are renouned for is if you get water into the air filter this will sieze the engine also, so if you have driven through a big puddle recently this might be the cause, other than that something might have broke inside the engine, and to be honest the list would be never ending, could be....piston broken, piston rings broken, crank bearing siezed, big end broken, valve snaped, and it goes on...

Sounds like something in the valvetrain, a lifter or rocker arm. Could be from lower oil. Is it a metallic sound? Is the noise coming from a certain area of the motor?

Most probable is broken piston rings. Depends on the sound. Broken piston skirt can cause a knock and oil consumption. A hole in the top of the piston can cause oil consumption and a rough running engine. Depends on the size of the hole how bad it might sound and run. In either case the crankcase blowby would be pretty good. pull the oil filler cap off while it is running and see if you get any vapor coming out. Vapor coming out is really bad. not coming out doesnt mean there isn't excess blowby as the engine trys to burn it. Of course these are extremes and it could be more subtle then that. depends on how much oil is consumbed and how serious the sound change is. I wouldnt take any long trips in it at this point.

It sounds like they did not tighten the oil filter properly. There is a by pass valve in the oil filter housing to allow oil to flow though just in case if the oil filter is plugged up with dirty from lack of oil change. Good luck and hope this help and what was the oil pressure reading on your dash gauge. Over tightening the oil filter can cause the o-ring to leak, as to not having the filter on tight enough.

It sounds like you may have ceased the engine.

When this happens the pistons get so hot they expand inside the engine and can weld themselves to the block. If you can still turn the motor now it means that it came unstuck when it cooled back down. But your cylinder bore is probably scratched.

This problem can be caused by running out of oil or water in the radiator.
Also it could be caused by another problem with either system e.g. Oil Pump or water pump broken.

The bad news is your engine may not be worth repairing. How much do you like the car?