While most modern power supplies can handle such a mistake with minimal damage to the motherboard and attached computer components, there is still a high probability that you damaged a component on your computer.
The only surefire way to know if you caused damage is by testing; so it is suggested that you obtain a new power supply, set it on the proper setting, plug it into the machine, and see if it all still works. I'd run some stress tests (there are utilities that can do this for you, or you can have a local repair guy do it), and see if the machine is having any issues.
The most common components that are damaged by a power surge are:
- Memory
- CPU (processor)
- Motherboard
- Hard Drives
Those are the most common to fail. If you use a new supply, and notice your machine does NOT turn on, chances are, one of those devices is burnt or damaged as well. It is suggested to test them in turn, to see where the issue lies.
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