Our emerson pool motor is making very loud noises. it is the 2nd one we have had since 2004 - the pump that is attached is working, but you can hear the motor in the house which is over 70 feet from the motor and behind a 6' fence

Either something blocking the impeller / shaft, from turning or the motor failed.

You can try to manually assist the motor, by removing the small cap at the back of the motor, getting a flat blade screwdriver, and right when you flip the switch (get a helper) turn the shaft clockwise while it buzzes. If it takes off - possible Bad Capacitor? Try a couple times if it doesn't take.

if bad capacitor, make sure you get the exact replacement, or 'Slightly Greater' will work - and I refer to the MFD number. Don't go smaller!

Emerson is not the name of the pump, that's the brand of the motor attached to the wet end, and the two together make a pump.
1081/1563 only means that it meets the standards for a pool motor.
provide make and model, for your pump.

Capacitors don't make noise. The purpose of a capacitor, is to provide a jumpstart to assist the motor to begin spinning. What makes a pool motor noisy, is bad bearings. At one point or another is possible that your mechanical pump shaft seal had failed, and allow the water to enter the electric motor, and wash away the lubrication in the front bearing.

either replace the bearings or the motor.

sounds like a seized bearing. they can be replaced at your local motor shop or pool store. now that its buzzing, i would also suggest getting the start capacitor replaced at the same time.

if its whining but still spinning, the bearings are done. If it just makes a loud noise, the capacitor could be bad or the bearings have seized.

It's sounds normal the motor will get hot. If it were overheating it should automatically shut down wait to cool off and restart.

The sound you are hearing is most likely rust forming on the inside of the motor. It tends to happen when a pump seal starts to fail. Water travels up the spining shaft from behind the impeller into the motor. The high pitch is a direct result.
Solution. Replace the pump seal, and find a motor repair shop/ Pool pump repair shop to take a look at the motor. Have them check the brushes and bearings. Once clean of rust the motor should be quiet once again.