All gauges went dead while driving, lights progressively dimmed and finally engine quit.

gee the battery may have died due to alternator is dead
and if true will repeat endless.
the BCM goes nuts below, 10vdc, and is normal that
battery is 12.6vdc charged.
and 13-15vdc engine running,s
so charge the battery backup, (a tool)
chevy

well the battery is now dead (or only discharged !)
cause #1 ALT/Gen replaces WRONG, see here 10,000 times. more www.

driving a car the ALTERNATOR produces all Electrical power.
100amps x 13v is 1300watts, and runs ALL>
when it dies the battery is sucked dry/dead/ discharged.

1; remove neg lug from battery or BOOM (100amp fuse BLOWN)
2; remove ALT
3: new one back connected same.
4: battery NEG lug back
bingo no BOOM.!
every SM manual of every car tells that;.

you said didn't want to start
but I guess you meant starter is dead, or clicks only or will not spin fast as it must.

the 15mins is dead accurate, for 50 years driving seen this happen
as ALT goes dead at night,
in the day engine runs 30min to 1hour dead ALT , HEADS off

the blow fuse is just bay fuse
or worse, a fuseable link, oddity not fun to fix. ever.
thus step 1,

no engine told but let me look on uSA car thjis.
2010 not AVEO5

there it is but what it looks like, hummmmmm

did you check them in the dark to see if , not just dim?
what sub model, EX, or LX? the LX is very different.
the car has 2 fuse boxes. did you know that, most cars do.
the fuse is called fuse #10 (fuse 10 runs hazards too, are haz dead?)
box one in cab, and 2 in engine bay.
the HAZ fuse is marked, HAZ

park/dash dim all dead, this is the largest path in car, over 20 lamps on most cars. (lots of places to mess up)
all are dead, all parks, front , rear, side and cab (dim) dead??????
even the license plate lamp>>>> details?,,,,, help, im blind..
here ill login to alldata.com for you, so can you at anytime.

ok this car can have a tail light relay. the LX dont have one.
the combo switch (1st click ) turns on park(tails)
and the relay energizes and runs all the park lamps.
but not on the LX, the LX is switch direct drive to all parks.
so?????

found this with google. NON LX !!!

Fuse #10 (15A) Audio unit, pocket light, clock, climate control, cruise switch light, gauge assembly, hazard switch light, heater control panel, interior lights switch light, driver's multiplex control unit, power sliding doors switch light, rear A/C switch light, taillight relay TCS swtich light.

check your alternator is giving out about 14 volts if no .check the brushes held on with two bolt behind your alternator as may be worn .or change the alternator.

If it won't start now, you would need to check for spark to the plugs and fuel pressure along with trouble codes in the computer.
You'll need to know what direction to go in to proceed.
It's possible the computer shut down the engine if it was too hot, but your temp gauge should have reflected that.

bad battery
bad ground and wires
alternator not charging
everything point to insufficient battery voltage indicated by the need to jump the battery

This has nothing to do with you O2 sensor. You have more than one problem. An O2 sensor will not cause what you just described. It will cause a check engine light but not the dimming of lights and a stalling issue. Check your charging sytem ( battery and alternator )

Your altenator is out. The car was running on your battery until it went dead.

Have the charging system checked out. 14.7 volts idle engine runing, Lee

you most likely need a new alternator