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Any transmission trouble code will put the trans in second gear and it won\'t shift. Key on-off-on-off-on without starting the engine will illuminate the check engine light .It will flash out the codes.Should see a 55 code ,5 flashes,a pause then 5 more. Any codes other than 12 and 55 need recorded for further diagnnosis. I was thinking that turning the key on and opening the throttle wide open 4 times within 5 seconds (engine off)clears tranny codes,not sure about that tho. You might try it then drive it and see if it shifts,although as soon as the malfunction happens again it will go back into limp mode. Tranny slipping or a slow shift or converter lock up malfunction along with many other things will trigger this.
I don't know your year, but transmissions shifting is partly controlled by the throttle position sensor. Have the computer check for codes. If the TPS comes up this is most likely your problem.
Ok, on an OBD 1 system you can read you codes by using a paperclip and jumping terminal a and b. The OBD port should be a large black plastic connector with 12 openings for wire leads. Not all of them have terminals inside in most cases. It should be at the bottom of the dash trim in the drivers side foot well. Terminal A is the upper far right terminal. Terminal B is directly beside it. After the paperclip or short piece of wire is inserted in those terminals turn the key to the on position but DON'T start the car. The check engine light will flash. 1 long flash, 2 short flashes. This let's you know the system is functioning. It should do that three times and then give any stored codes. Example 3 long flashes followed by 7 short flashes is a code 37. Have a pen and paper handy to jot the codes down. If you think you missed anything switch the key off and back on. In most cases a quick google search of example 1988 Subaru DL code 37 will net you results.
Hope this helps and good luck.
To manually check air bag codes, turn the key On and push the driver's door switch (at the bottom of the B-pillar) 5 times or more within 7 seconds of turning the key ON. Then watch the air bag light flashing codes. The air bag light will come ON for 3 seconds and then give fast flashes if there is a code. Count the fast flashes as the code. So the air bag light on for 3 seconds and then 8 flashes is a code 8 for the passenger air bag circuit. after counting code
clear codes and see if they come back
pull the little black cover off on the floor board next to the gas pedal, the silver box is the pcm the screw you see on the side there is what you turn, 1st turn the key on ,then turn the screw all the way to the right , wait 2 seconds then turn all the way back , the check engine light will flash slow for the first half of the code then flash fast for the second half for example 3 slow flash then 3 quick flash would be code 0303 , it may flash 10 slow and 5 quick that would be code 1005 and so on
under dash connect together the 2 green multiplugs. The CEL light (Check Engine Light) will flash. Slow then fast. Count the slow flashes then the fast ones. I.E. code 21 will give 2 slow flashes then 1 fast = 21.
Do a self test. Turn key to on position and back to off position 3 times. a series of flashes will commence from the "check engine" light. The first set of flashes is the 1st digit of the code, then there will be a pause, then a 2nd set of flashes, This will be the 2nd digit of the code. For example, 3 flashes, pause, 7 flashes, means code 37. Check what the code means in a Haynes auto repair manual. This will tell you what the engine light on your car means.
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