Use a hand held vacuum pump and see if it engages. Sometimes the shift fork gets bent in the axle and this will cause it to not engage or it could be a bad vacuum motor.
Had the same problem and had a rusted out line that goes from the the bottom of the transfer case support to the vacuum pot on the front axle. Easy fix. Here is some other info I found on my truck.
Grey line is the vacuum feed and goes from firewall to transfer case vacuum switch (TCVS)(which is on top of the transfer case). Green is vented to atmosphere from the (TCVS) with a filter on the end. Red and black (or blue?) come off TCVS to the front axle disconnect vacuum pot. Grey line always has vacuum and is ported via the TCVS to the red line when the 4x4 handle is selected to 4x4. It is all mechanical. The electrical switch on the axle vacuum pot only activates the "4X4" light on the cab when the axle is connected.
I just repair the same problem on a 99 dodge ram 2500 and found the black vacuum line was broke in the black cover that protect the red and the black vacuum lines at the axle after repair work perfect.
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