What would make speed odometer stop working. - 1999 Honda Passport

Replace the vehicle speed sensor first.

You could have a faulty speedometer/odometer combination meter causing a false Vehicle Speed Sensor error.
My 1998 Sienna had the following symptoms:
- Speedometer and odometer failed intermittently
- The check engine light would come on and I would get a p0500 code in the OBDII.
- The cruise control would stop working at the same time the speedometer failed.
There is a speed sensor in each one of the tires and they feed the speed information to the ABS ECU. From the ABS ECU the speed signal goes to the speedometer/odometer combination meter, and from there it goes to the Engine Control Module and to the Cruise Control ECU. I could see a signal coming into the speedometer/odometer, but no signal going out. Replacing the speedometer/odometer combination meter fixed the problem.

Vehicle speed sensor. This runs the odometer/speedometer. Top of tranny, a cable runs all the way to the back of the odometer.

if the speedo is not sending a speed the trans will go into back up mode and the trans will not shift normally check the speed sensor

It sounds as if the vehicle speed sensor is malfunctioning.

The gear in the speedometer assembly is broken causing the odometer and trip odometer to be inop. You can either buy a new speedo head or buy a gear kit from an online source (google Ford speedo odometer inop)for the kit.

yes the speed sensor controls the speedometer and odometer and they are electrical no more drive cable installed

output shaft speed sensor in the transmission

speedomenter cable may be broke or speed gear may be bad

it's most likely the cluster if one function works and the other doesn't. And, you likely have an electronic vehicle speed sensor that sends a signal to your analog cluster that then dispays your speed and odometer.