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First you need a wiring diagram, free at http://www.bbbind.com/free_tsb.html Then you need a DVOM - digital volt ohm meter to test the circuit . Then if your not familiar with automotive electrical systems testing ,go on youtube an check out Electric Testing Techniques You Need to Know Also having a factory diagnostic trouble shooting chart would also be usefull . You could just start replacing parts , you mite get lucky . The wiper motor is a high fail part , so is the switch ..You could find the fuse is blown ! But fuse's don't usually blow without a reason . Short to ground , low resistance . ( high current flow) Also knowing how they work and what all is involved in making them work.
The Wiper/Washer System consists of the following components:
• Windshield wiper/washer switch
• Windshield wiper motor module
• Windshield wiper motor
• Windshield washer pump motor
• FRT/WPR/WSHR 25A fuse
Wiper/Washer System Operation
The windshield wiper motor module is part of the windshield wiper motor cover and controls wiper motor operation. The windshield wiper motor is a 2 speed motor and is operated at low speed in all modes except HIGH. The accessory voltage supply circuit to the windshield wiper motor assembly is used to operate the wiper motor in all of the low speed modes. The accessory voltage supply circuit to the windshield wiper/washer switch is used to supply the windshield wiper switch signal circuits and the wiper motor high speed circuit.
When the wiper/washer switch is in the LOW position voltage is supplied through a 24K ohm resistor within the switch to the windshield wiper switch signal 2 circuit, and accessory voltage is supplied to the windshield wiper switch signal 1 circuit. The reduced voltage from the wiper switch signal 2 circuit and accessory voltage from the wiper switch signal 1 circuit causes the wiper motor module to close the wiper motor accessory voltage supply circuit to the wiper motor low speed terminal.
Windshield wiper/washer system MIST operation is identical to LOW operation except that the MIST switch is a press and release type. When the wiper switch is moved to the MIST position and released, low speed wiper motor operation is started and will continue until 1 cycle is complete. If the wiper switch is moved to the MIST position and held, the windshield wiper motor will operate in the LOW mode until the switch is released.
Don't the wipers work in any mode ?
1
Did you review the Wiper/Washer System description and operation and perform the necessary inspections?
YES - Go to Step 2
NO - Go to Symptoms - Wiper/Washer Systems
2
Turn ON the ignition , with the engine OFF.
Operate the windshield wiper/washer switch through all the switch positions.
Does the windshield wiper/washer system operate normally?
YES - Go to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections in Wiring Systems
NO - Go to Step 3
3
Turn OFF the ignition.
Disconnect the harness connector of the windshield wiper motor.
Turn the ignition ON, with the engine OFF.
Connect a test lamp from the accessory voltage circuit of the windshield wiper motor to a good ground.
Does the test lamp illuminate?
YES - Go to Step 4
NO - Go to Step 13
4
Connect a test lamp from the accessory voltage circuit to the ground circuit of the windshield wiper motor.
Does the test lamp illuminate?
YES - Go to Step 5
NO - Go to Step 14
5
Connect a test lamp from the signal 2 circuit of the windshield wiper switch to a good ground.
Press the windshield washer switch.
Does the test lamp illuminate?
YES - Go to Step 11
NO - Go to Step 6
Let me know if you make it this far and i will send rest of diagnostic's
why do you think the motor still works if the wipers don't move? Can you hear the motor run or can you see a little movement when you turn the switch on?
What happens when you activate the washers?
go to a salvage yard that allows you to remove the parts yourself. Then you can see how the motor and linkage assembly comes out.
don't have 1983 info, but here is 1994:
Section 01-16A: Wiper and Washer System, Ranger/Explorer
1994 Ranger and Explorer Vehicles Workshop Manual
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Windshield Wiper System, Ranger/Explorer
The windshield wipers are actuated by a permanent magnet, rotary-type electric windshield wiper motor (17504) . The two windshield wiper pivot arms (17526) and windshield wiper blades (17528) are mounted on a pivot shaft, one at each side of the windshield. The windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft (17566) are connected to the motor by windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip (17531) .
Ranger and Explorer vehicles are equipped with an interval wiper and washer (IWW) system featuring a lever-type turn signal and windshield wiper switch (13K359) mounted on the steering column.
The IWW windshield wiper governor (17C476) uses a relay contact to control current to the windshield wiper motor . The governor electronic circuitry controls the contact to supply current to windshield wiper motor .
A rear wiper/washer system is available on Explorer vehicles. The rear window wiper system consists of a windshield wiper motor mounted inside the liftgate (40010) , an articulating windshield wiper pivot arm and windshield wiper blade , a windshield wiper/washer switch (17A553) and an inline circuit breaker.
The front electric windshield washer system consists of a control switch, integral with the turn signal, a windshield washer reservoir (17618) and windshield wiper motor and the necessary windshield washer hoses (17A605) , windshield washer nozzle jet and brackets (17603) and attaching parts.
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Pivot Shafts and Linkage
Removal and Installation NOTE: The left and right pivot and windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip assemblies are serviced separately.
Perform Steps 1 through 9 of Windshield Wiper Motor Removal as described in this section.
If servicing left windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip , remove left windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft and windshield wiper blade assembly.
Remove left windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip access cover.
Remove left pivot nut, lower windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip and slide it out through left access opening.
For installation, follow removal procedures in reverse order. Tighten nut to 10-13 Nm (7-10 ft-lb). Make sure the clip is fully seated in the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip . Do not try to install clip with windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip on motor crank pin.
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Windshield Wiper Motor
Windshield wiper motor are not serviceable. If worn or damaged, the windshield wiper motor must be replaced as an assembly.
Removal
Cycle windshield wiper blades until in straight-up position and turn ignition switch OFF.
Disconnect battery and wiper motor electrical connector.
Remove the right windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft and windshield wiper blade .
Disconnect the battery ground cable (14301).
Remove the right pivot nut and allow the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip to drop into the cowl top outer panel .
Remove the linkage access cover, located on the right side of the dash panel near the windshield wiper motor.
Reach through the access cover opening and unsnap the wiper motor clip.
Push the clip away from the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip until it clears the nib on the crack pin. Then, push the clip off the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip.
Remove the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip from windshield wiper motor crank pin.
Remove nut and ground strap.
Remove three attaching nuts from windshield wiper motor. Remove the windshield wiper motor .
Installation
Position the windshield wiper motor and install the three attaching screws. Tighten to 13.6-19.0 Nm (10-14 ft-lb).
Install nut and ground strap.
Connect wiper motor electrical connector.
Install clip completely onto right windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip. Make sure the clip is fully seated. Do not put the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip on the motor crank pin and then try to install the clip.
Install the left windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip onto the wiper motor crank pin.
Install the right windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip onto the wiper motor crank pin. Pull the windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip onto the crank pin until it snaps into place. The clip is properly installed if the nib is protruding through the center of the clip.
Install the right windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft and nut. Tighten the nut to 9.5-12.5 Nm (84-110 in-lb).
NOTE: When the battery has been disconnected and reconnected, some abnormal drive symptoms may occur while the powertrain control module (PCM) (12A650) relearns its adaptive strategy. The vehicle may need to be driven 10 miles or more to relearn the strategy.
Connect the battery ground cable and turn the ignition switch on. Turn turn signal and windshield wiper switch off so windshield wiper motor will park, then turn ignition switch off. Replace right windshield wiper adapter and connecting arm clip access cover.
Install the windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft and windshield wiper blade assemblies on the pivot shafts to dimension X. Dimension X is the distance between the centerline of the blade saddle and the top edge of the cowl top outer panel grille. The value of Dimension X for each vehicle is given in the Dimension X chart in the Specifications portion of this section.
Wiper motor rarely goes bad, and a second one going bad as well is extremely rare. What will burn out a motor is very high resistance to movement from the wiper assembly. Do the following: Take out the wiper motor, and move the wipers by hand to see if they are hard to move, or if the arms (rod mechanism) are rubbing against anything. Do this with the blades in normal position, resting against the windshield. Pour water unto windshield while testing it, to avoid scratches. One telltale sign for this condition, is the wipers going too slow before complete stoppage. Either that, or an electrical connection leading to the wiper motor, for that simply check that there is electricity in the wiper motor connector when wipers are activated.
This sounds like the wiper motor has failed. You can pick one up at the local parts store. If not mechnically savvy, I would recommend taking to shop for working in tight areas that these can be. But, otherwise, the motor is on the fire wall, unplug, remove screws(4), exchange with new, and reassemble as removed. I hope this helps.
Windshield Wipers Continue to Run When Turn Signal and Windshield Wiper Switch Are Turned OFF
Damaged turn signal and windshield wiper switch .
Damaged windshield wiper motor .
Damaged windshield wiper control module.
Pin Number
Circuit
Circuit Function
1
57 (BK)
Wiper Motor Ground (Park)
2
28 (BK/PK)
Wiper Module to Wiper Motor (Park Switch)
3
65 (DG)
Wiper Motor Power (Park Feed)
4
61 (Y/R)
Wiper Motor Common (RUN)
5
56 (DB/O)
Wiper Motor LO
6
58 (W)
Wiper Motor HI
Windshield Wiper System
The windshield wiper system consists of :
Windshield wiper motor (17508) (F-type).
Washer system.
Windshield wiper control module.
Turn signal and windshield wiper switch (13K359).
The windshield wiper control module is:
Located at the instrument panel fuse panel.
The windshield wiper motor is:
Attached to the cowl top extension (021A36) .
Connected to windshield wiper mounting arm and pivot shaft (17566) .
The turn signal and windshield wiper switch features a:
Rotary wiper switch.
Push type washer actuator.
OFF/Low/High Speed
Has a two-speed, permanent magnet, three brush electric windshield wiper motor .
The windshield wiper motor has a brush rigging that permits selection of low or high speed.
When the turn signal and windshield wiper switch is in the LO position, the common brush and the blue/orange wire brush are used, and the windshield wiper motor operates at low speed.
When the turn signal and windshield wiper switch is in the HI position, the common brush and the white wire brush are used.
In HI position, electric current will bypass a portion of the armature winding causing the windshield wiper motor to operate faster.
When the turn signal and windshield wiper switch is moved to the OFF position, the windshield wiper motor will continue at low speed until the park switch outer contacts open.
When the park switch contacts open, the windshield wiper motor stops in the park position.
Interval
When the turn signal and windshield wiper switch is in the interval position:
The wipers make single wipes separated by pauses.
The rotary switch is on the end of turn signal and windshield wiper switch .
The length of the pause can be set from approximately 1 to 17 seconds.
Length of pause decreases as the rotary switch is rotated away from off.
Length of pause increases as the rotary switch is rotated toward off.
While in the interval wiper mode:
It is normal to hear a slight click at the beginning of each on/pause cycle.
NOTE: When using interval wipers, the first wipe may not occur until after a pause of up to 17 seconds.
You need to remove the cover at the base of the blade and oil or grease the mecanism that makes the wiper move up and down and it moves across the windshield. It is dried out and sticking.
1) listen if windshield wiper motor is turning when switched on. The motor is under hood up near firewall.
If no noise and fuses are OK, motor may need replacement.
2) If motor can be heard whirring, then maybe the plastic link between
the motor shaft and the wiper arm assy has worn or broken. (A very
cheap part). This can be accessed by removing cowling or vents in front
of windshield. This is a common failure.
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