1997 ford expedition the fuse for the gauge blowing when I turn on the key switch what cause that

a guess
thats a lot of sensors to fail all at once
may need an auto electrician
.any fuses blown
if happened all at once
voltage overload/spike from alternator regulator
or huge short / wire loom melt ....

If you are talking about the instrument panel and radio lights, one possibility is a broken panel light dimmer rheostat (This is not the same as the headlight dimmer switch). Try turning it to full brightness. If at some point the lights suddenly come on, that's definitely your problem. If the lights don't come on, it could still be broken.

I have seen an older vehicle driven by a person who didn't notice the instrument panel lamps were burning out until the last one went - maybe all you have to do is replace all of the bulbs. :)

Also, check the instrument panel fuse. If it's blown, you'll have to track down the wiring problem that caused the fuse to blow. Merely replacing the fuse is just asking for the problem to happen again at the worst possible moment - such as on a dark road on a dark night where there is a known speed trap, when you're low on fuel, and suddenly you're unable to see either the speedometer or the fuel gauge.

usually grounded wire--to in tank fuel meter--coolant temp sending unit--or voltage regulator (alternator).--Check prior repairs for hint .What has been removed and or replaced recently??? Fuel pump or tank? Intake Manifold? Alternator? start looking for pinched wire and or shorted component there.

The 20amp ga/idle fuse powers a hot fuel module which powers the oil pressure switch, the fuel pump relay, and the fuel gauge in the tank.
Any of the four components including the fuel pump can blow the fuse.

It's located in the kick panel called gauge fuses.

GO TO AUTO PARTS STORE BUY A FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE THAT CAN CHECK FUEL PRESSURE UP TO 100 PSI. LOCATE YOUR FUEL PRESSURE TEST PORT.LOOK FOR SCHRADER VALVE ON FUEL LINE NEXT TO EGR VALVE.PLACE A RAG NEAR THE SCHRADER VALVE AS YOU INSTALL FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE TO CATCH GAS SPILL AS YOU SCREW IN FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE HOSE FUEL PRESSURE 30 - 45 PSI WITH ENGINE RUNNING. THE ENGINE MUST BE OFF HOOK UP THE FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE.IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE THE FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE WILL HAVE INSTRUCTION HOW TO HOOK UP FUEL PRESURE GAUGE.BE CAREFUL CHECKING FUEL PRESSURE IS DANGEROUS JOB.DONT ALLOW NO MASSIVE FUEL SPRAYING WHEN HOOKING UP FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE YOU WILL GET CAR FIRE.

Sometimes a bad battery connection will cause gauges go hay wired. Turn your switch on but not over and see if your gauges do the same without the car running. try loosening the battery cables and reposition the post.

red/yellow leads from the 5amp fuse #29 and red/white leads from 5amp fuse #2. Both of these run into the instrument panel. Let me know if you need more info.

it is possible that the light is burnt out

ok it could be quite simple
lets look at wrong size fuse
example 15 and you need a 25 fuse
also if you did any work on vehicle its quite possible that you grounded something out wrong retrace your work and fix accordingly
bad cluster relay is another problem that would cause these problems