Truck will not star in cold weather, I bought a new battery.

Check the kickstand neutral safety switch for correct operation with a meter.

https://www.google.com/search?q=2009+yamaha+v-star+starter+safety+switch

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You could possibly have a bad park neutral safety switch , power ( voltage ) from ignition goes thru the park neutral safety switch to the S terminal on the starter solenoid . Does your vehicle have automatic or manual transmission ? And you should have voltage drop testing on the starter circuit done . Starter Voltage Drop You could have a bad battery cable .

When you said "it wouldn't start" did it turn over (starter cranking the engine) or did it act like the battery was dead and wouldn't crank, even though all the dash lights lit up?

If it simply didn't crank over but then by you shifting it out of park, then back into park, may indicate a park/neutral switch problem.

It may have been something as simple as the shifter, when the vehicle was last parked, didn't fully engage the park/neutral switch into the park position. BUT by you moving the shifter out and back into park it engaged the switch.

Cold weather can do some strange things sometimes when it comes to mechanical devices. IF it acts up again, simply try the "trick" that worked the last time.

It may just be temperature related and may not give any more problems once the weather warms up.

Hope this helps.

Could be the neutral safely switch is still not adjusted properly. With your foot on the brake and the transmission in neutral, move the shifter a little bit in either direction while holding the key in the start position. If the starter engages, the switch needs to be adjusted.

Cam position does not affect the starter. With the car in neutral or park the neutral switch is closed (on) and the starter is in working condition it will engage. When it does not it could be corroded battery terminals. the neutral switch, Starter solenoid. At the starter jump between the small wire and the big one. If this engages the starter check the neutral switch.

The problem is in the start circuit if the starter won't engage from the key. From battery to ignition switch to neutral park safety switch to starter relay to starter solenoid to starter to ground and back to battery-lights come on so switch is good, next check the neutral safety switch for power in and power out.
Once you get the start circuit working so starter engages from the key, then you can address the ignition circuit for possible no spark.

A mechanic would check for voltage at the starter, the neutral safety switch, and the key switch. Then check the battery cables and ground connections.

Get your battery voltage checked.The cold weather will reduce the strength of your battery. The starter solenoid is trying to engage the starter but it doesn't have enough power from the battery to make it happen.If the battery voltage is low then get it recharged .The voltage of fully charged battery will show near to 12 volts.--------------That's it.

Ok , on those years ,the automatic has a plastic box on the driver side. This is the shift positioning sensor.
It tells the transmission if it is in drive neutral and so forth.
It is probably not telling the engine that it is safe to start from the neutral safety switch. One thing to try, Turn the key to the starter engage position, hold it there.
At the same time grab the gear shift and push it up hard or pull it down past neutral. See if the starter engages? Let me know if this helps, I have a few other ideas as well.

sounds like the return spring is worn or dislodged