Here is an explanation from the manual for the 4.3L spark control:
Description & Operation
The HEI (EST) distributor uses a modified ignition module. The module has seven or eight terminals instead of the four used without EST. Different terminal arrangements are used, depending upon engine application.
To properly control ignition/combustion timing, the ECM needs to know the following information:
- Crankshaft position
- Engine speed (rpm)
- Engine load (manifold pressure or vacuum)
- Atmospheric (barometric) pressure
- Engine temperature
- Transmission gear position (certain models)
The ECM uses information from the MAP and coolant sensors in addition to rpm to calculate spark advance as follows:
- Low MAP output voltage would require MORE spark advance.
- Cold engine would require MORE spark advance.
- High MAP output voltage would require LESS spark advance.
- Hot engine would require LESS spark advance.
Incorrect operation of the EST system can cause the following:
- Detonation-low MAP output or high resistance in the coolant sensor circuit.
- Poor performance-high MAP output or low resistance in the coolant sensor circuit.
The EST system consists of the distributor module, ECM and its connecting wires.
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