My 1989 silverado surges really bad in mornings when cold

Check the coolant temperature sensor. A bad sensor will cause a very rich fuel mixture not allowing it to start.

I'm assuming the engine cranks with the starter but does not start and run.

check the operation of the cold start injector. This is a separate fuel injector that injects fuel into the intake manifold to help richen up the mixture for cold starts. It operates on a timer that is linked to a sensor that measures engine coolant temperature. Once warm or the timer runs out, the cold start injector is turned off. Other things to check:

Fuel pressure too high (floods engine through cold start injector), engine coolant temp sensor or intake air temp sensor is stuck at full hot (doesn't allow enough fuel for cold starts), fuel injectors are leaking (floods engine with fuel).

pull the pluga and check the color of the electrode, if any are a light color you are getting coolant into the combustion chamber, then its either a head or intake gasket,

i wouldn't be looking at the o2 sensors! look at the coolant temp sensor! when the car is cold it doesn't correct fuel & air ratio until it is warm so it is not looking at the o2's till then! if the sensor is bad and telling the computer it is warm when it is cold them it would be leaned out and run like that then when the car gets warm it's fine because the sensor is still saying it's warm! would be the opisite if it went bad and was telling the computer it was cold! that is a sure sign of the temp sensor being bad! good luck

1989 is fuel injected, on the intake there is idle air control valve, make sure this is not dirty, also you may want to check the coolant temperature sensor, if the engine thinks it is warmer then waht it is the fuel air ratio will be off and your truck will run bad.

Bad Water pump! replace your thermostat, radiator cap and flush the cooling system while ur at it.

Problem 1: buy a system heater to keep the engine warm at night.
You can buy them at any autoparts store . You take your pick from the variety.
Place a light 100 Watt Bulb near the battery but not too close to anything else where it might burn anything.

Problem 2. Check your coolant level to see if you have the proper level. Make sure you have 1/2 antifreeze and 1/2 water if you add any coolant /antifreeze and bleed the colant system. By running the car let it cool, then turn the radiator cap or turn the bleed screw provided on some cars near the thermostat outlet. Then adding some more water and coolant etc.The tightening the cap or bleed screw. When radiator is full. Check the radiator and and remove any debris that may be keeping the air out.

Problem 3. Will get fixed because your battery won't die.

Try replacing the coolant temperature sensor for the injection system.

hi a bad water pump will not let the engine run normal unless it is frozen up. it sounds like your coolant temp sensor has gon bad.that will cause rough cold starts and work fine after warmed up

It could be a faulty thermostat. Did it do the same thing before u replaced the t-stat? It sounds like it's sticking closed, then all of a sudden it opens, coolant flows correctly. I'd consider changing it again. Check to make sure parts store is giving u the correct temperature thermostat also. Maybe it's too high for your Ford, delaying the opening.